1.)Advances in the study of genetics can impact our whole world and it is important to be able to accurately communicate this information. Genetics plays a role in fields such a medicine, pharmacology, food science and animal husbandry. This Assignment will give you the opportunity to critically examine an exciting genetic breakthrough of your choice and the implication of this advancement in the field of genetics.
To complete this Assignment your essay should include:
Article Summary. Find a current peer-reviewed research article that is related to the field of genetics. Summarize relevant content from the article.
Article Analysis.
Describe the credibility of the source of your article. Discuss why it is important that a client, patient or loved one is given accurate details about new genetic information.
Effective communication skills can be key to many careers. Describe how you could use social media (i.e. Facebook, twitter or a blog) to provide genetic information, such as the information you just reviewed, to patients or the public in a timely manner. (approx 375 words)
2.)When Cell Division Goes Wrong – Aneuploidies
Organisms vary widely in the number of chromosomes per cell. The ant, Myrmeciapilosula, has only two chromosomes (one pair) per cell. By contrast, the fern, Ophioglossum, has up to 1260 chromosomes (630 pairs) per cell. This variation among organisms seems to be unrelated to how complex those species are. Instead, the precise chromosome number seems to be an important characteristic. So, an ant with one pair of chromosomes must have just one pair of chromosomes, and a fern with 1260 chromosomes must have 1260 chromosomes. Any different number results in changes in characteristics that are often so dramatic that the organisms cannot survive.
Humans typically have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) per cell. Human aneuploidies are conditions where the chromosome number is not 46.
Select a human aneuploidy.
Describe the symptoms of this human aneuploidy.
Explain the cellular processes that lead to this condition.
Is it possible to treat aneuploidies in utero? Why or why not?
In your opinion, if aneuploidies could be treated in utero, should it be done? Why or why not? (approx 150 words)
3.) Inheritance of blood types
One of the most recognizable consequences of genetics is the similarity in traits (phenotypes) between parent and offspring. In the mid-1800s, Gregor Mendel studied these patterns of inheritance in pea plants. Mendel’s conclusions about the genetic basis of inheritance are still used in genetic analyses today and additional concepts have since been established.
Multiple alleles and codominance are important concepts in genetics. The ABO blood groups represent a well-known example of these concepts. Answer the following questions to gain a greater understanding of these concepts:
What blood type(s) can a child born to a mother with B- blood type and a father with A+ blood type have? Explain your answer fully. Be sure to focus on the concepts of dominant and recessive alleles, multiple alleles, and codominance in your explanation.
Are there any special concerns this mother should consider? Explain.
Can blood type be used to determine paternity? Why or why not?
How do you think O can be the most common blood type when type O is recessive?
Although the human population as a whole share the same 29 known blood systems, not all ethnic groups have the same ratios of blood types in their populations. Discuss this fact from an evolutionary perspective. (150 words)
4.) Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Imagine living in a world where people are dying from infections that used to be very easy to cure. The development of antibiotic-resistance among bacteria is a major issue in healthcare, but is widely misunderstood by the general public. Bacteria have differences at the genetic level compared to human eukaryotic cells. These differences can be exploited as potential antimicrobial targets but also allow bacteria to acquire resistance through changes in their molecular make-up. For this Discussion, you will investigate the changes that occur in the bacterial genome. Bacteria can adapt to their environments at an astonishing rate and during this Discussion, you will also examine how we as humans influence these changes at the level of the bacteria’s DNA sequence.
Use the information from your research to answer the following questions:
What are antibiotics?
How can bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? Can this antibiotic resistance be spread between bacteria?
What can we (humans) do to limit the spread of antibiotic-resistance among bacteria?
The World Health Organization (WHO) has determined that antibiotic resistance is a serious, worldwide threat to public health. In your opinion, what are the global implications of antibiotic resistance?
Why are there less new antibiotics being made? (150 words)
5.) Disease and DNA Repair Gone Bad
Defects in DNA repair are the underlying cause of numerous genetic diseases. For example, Bloom Syndrome is caused by a mutation in one of the helicase enzymes involved in DNA replication. Often these diseases include the accumulation of mutations and a long list of symptoms and increased risk for cancer. A few of these diseases are listed below but you can also conduct some additional research and discuss other examples.
Genetic diseases associated with defects in DNA-repair:
Ataxia telangiectasia
Bloom syndrome
Cockayne’s syndrome
Fanconi’s anaemia
Progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome)
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
Trichothiodystrophy
Werner syndrome
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Use the information from your research to answer the following questions:
What is the name of the genetic disease you selected?
What is the specific mutation?
What are the symptoms of the disease?
How does this mutation impact DNA replication and repair and how is this different from normal DNA replication and repair?
How does this problem in DNA replication lead to one symptom of the disease? (150 words)
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