*This is a pretty broad essay and can be written on any Human Rights Issue as this is a Human Rights class. I was thinking Human Trafficking but any Human Rights Issue will work.*


Human Rights Essay: Finals (6-8 page essay- times new roman, double spaced, excluding works cited)

Write an exploration or a policy essay on a human rights topic of interest. Papers should explore some kind of human rights abuse and claims, or a historical puzzle, a human rights institution, a human rights treaty or norm and so on. Essays should identify the human rights issue, the causes or consequences or origins of a certain situation and diverse ways in which institutions and actors have addressed the situation. Papers should also connect to the course materials.

Exploration Paper: An exploration paper identifies and examines a topic of interest, and connects it to the course materials. The idea is to pick a topic that you want to learn more about. In this essay, you will not just present information but rather focus on a question or puzzle. The paper will be structured as an analysis of the argument about this question or puzzle. For instance, you may ask: how states violate or not violated human rights law, or why certain human rights violations exists in societies or how human rights are claimed by groups in different parts of the world or focus on a historical event etc. The idea then is to explore the complex ways in which human rights law, institutions, or experts treaty bodies, special procedures, human rights courts, authors of law journal articles, human rights NGOs have debated the application of human rights law to the abuse in question.

  • Identify the issue and the puzzle, or question associated with this issue that you want to address. Why is this important and why is it puzzling.
  • Link it to international human rights norms/laws. Primarily, you should show that the particular issue is a human rights issue and then move on to the main question you seek to explore.
  • As relevant, describe the issue- discussing the gepgraphic area, cultural and historical and political context.
  • Explain the causes and consequences of the violation, about the motivations for and impact of the campaign, etc. Identify the violators and those violated, If the focus is on an institution, recognize the actors and subjects.
  • Analyse

Policy Paper.  A policy paper goes one step further than an exploration paper. It recommends a policy to address the human rights problem. In this paper, it is important to

  • Identify a specific human rights problem that you intend to address. Like the exploration paper, identify the problem and provide details about the human rights issue- geography, cultural, social and political context.
  • Identify who has the power, authority, capability to address the problem (an international agency, government, NGO, etc.). Address your recommendation(s) to this authority.
  • Discuss your recommendation(s). Be sure to include recommendations that are feasible to implement. Provide arguments to motivate the authority to act. Also, consider obstacles and identify a road map to resolve it.

Where to begin: Boston Review, Human Rights Quarterly, New Yorker, Newspapers- NYT, Washington Post, The Guardian are great sources to start exploring. May also check the pages of human rights organizations including those of Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International.

Style, Audience and Format: The essay is an academic paper and hence the approach should be analytical- focusing on argument and evidence that are well organized- than an opinion or report style of writing. The essay should seek to explore, and learn more about, the complexity of issues involving questions of human rights practices, norms, debates, advocacy methods, historical incidents or processes, and so on. The essay is to be written for an open minded and skeptical reader. Do not assume that the reader shares your views or has been in class to automatically understand that a particular situation is a human rights issue. So do establish the human rights issue before you proceed.

             Papers should include: at least eight citations; one book/scholarly journal article, one or two relevant human rights treaty or soft law, two human rights organizations working on the issue, two news based or popular journals, and one/two class readings. None of the listed citations should be a web page for which no one claims responsibility (including Wikipedia). Since this is a humanities-focused class, the bibliography must conform to the guidelines established by the Modern Language Association (MLA). If you are unsure about how to follow them, you may seek further assistance from a tutor at the Center for Reading and Writing (CRW).

Written work will generally be graded on these 4 criteria: 

  1. Depth, creativity and critical thinking: The papers should analyze the topic so as to reveal depth of understanding and your ability to think through the essential issues pertaining to the topic.
    2. Integration:The paper should weave together various sources, including reading and observations/experience, into a tight, logical outline.
    3. Writing style: The paper should avoid spelling and grammatical errors and be clear, well organized and written. All written work should have a clear thesis or central argument, and supporting evidence.
    4. Content and sources: Source material from books, journals, government documents, selective web sites and other appropriate sources shall be utilized to support your conclusions and demonstrate your grasp of the topic. All sources shall be properly cited in the text and a bibliography shall be provided using MLA format.

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