periodontal status and disease state, create a realistic case patient.
Clinical: Include all assessment data, including personal history, charting material and disease status/medications that influence general health and oral health. Refer to Pathology Project handout for project requirements.
Oral Pathology: Begin the research process on the topic of your choice. Refer to Pathology Project handout for paper requirements. You will write an expository essay on the disease process/processes assigned that will include the following information:
- Cause of disease
- Effects of disease
- Signs and symptoms
- Description of the pathological state that is detailed
- Prognosis
- Medications – general types
- General health impact
- Impact on oral health and oral hygiene instruction, modifications
Diseases and Conditions
Anemias: B12, Sickle cell, and Leukemia /perio type II
Diabetes: type I or II perio/type III (Signs of hyper and hypoglycemia)
Seizure disorders: Grand mal, Focal, and Petit perio/type II
Hypertension or Hypotension perio/type II
Cardiac problems: heart attack, heart murmur, prosthetic heart valve perio/type II
Respiratory disorders: Asthma, COPD perio/type III
Rheumatic Fever: Rheumatic Heart Disease perio/type III
Stroke: perio/type II
Autoimmune Disease: Sjogren’s, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus etc. perio/type II
Infectious Diseases: Syphilis, Fungal infections, Shingles, etc. perio/type III
Hepatitis: A through E focus paper on A, B, C or D perio/type II
Cancer: Oral, Breast, Lung, throat, etc. perio/type III
STDs and HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, HPV or HIV/AIDS perio/type III
Liver Disease and Cirrhosis perio type III
Alcoholism or Drug Abuse perio/type II
Please refer to the instructions on the Pathology Project handout for more details.
The purpose of the expository essay is to explain a topic in a logical and straightforward manner. Without bells and whistles, expository essays present a fair and balanced analysis of a subject based on facts—with no references to the writer’s opinions or emotions.
A typical expository writing prompt will use the words “explain” or “define,” such as in, “Write an essay explaining how the computer has changed the lives of students.” Notice there is no instruction to form an opinion or argument on whether or not computers have changed students’ lives. The prompt asks the writer to “explain,” plain and simple. However, that doesn’t mean expository essay writing is easy.
Expository Essay Structure
Usually, the expository essay is composed of five paragraphs.
- The introductory paragraph contains the thesis or main idea.
- The next three paragraphs, or body of the essay, provide details in support of the thesis.
- The concluding paragraph restates the main idea and ties together the major points of essay.
Here are expository essay tips for each part of the essay structure and writing process:
1. Prewriting for the Expository Essay
In the prewriting phase of writing an expository essay, students should take time to brainstorm about the topic and main idea. Next, do research and take notes. Create an outline showing the information to be presented in each paragraph, organized in a logical sequence.
2. Drafting the Expository Essay
When creating the initial draft of an expository essay, consider the following suggestions:
- The most important sentence in the introductory paragraph is the topic sentence, which states the thesis or main idea of the essay. The thesis should be clearly stated without giving an opinion or taking a position. A good thesis is well defined, with a manageable scope that can be adequately addressed within a five-paragraph essay.
- Each of the three body paragraphs should cover a separate point that develops the essay’s thesis. The sentences of each paragraph should offer facts and examples in support of the paragraph’s topic.
- The concluding paragraph should reinforce the thesis and the main supporting ideas. Do not introduce new material in the conclusion.
- Since an expository essay discusses an event, situation, or the views of others, and not a personal experience, students should write in the third person (“he,” “she,” or “it”), and avoid “I” or “you” sentences.
3. Revising the Expository Essay
In the revision phase, students review, modify, and reorganize their work with the goal of making it the best it can be. Keep these considerations in mind:
- Does the essay give an unbiased analysis that unfolds logically, using relevant facts and examples?
- Has the information been clearly and effectively communicated to the reader?
- Watch out for “paragraph sprawl,” which occurs when the writer loses focus and veers from the topic by introducing unnecessary details.
- Is the sentence structure varied? Is the word choice precise?
- Do the transitions between sentences and paragraphs help the reader’s understanding?
- Does the concluding paragraph communicate the value and meaning of the thesis and key supporting ideas?
4. Editing the Expository Essay
Next, proofread and correct errors in grammar and mechanics, and edit to improve style and clarity. While an expository essay should be clear and concise, it can also be lively and engaging. Having a friend read the essay helps writers edit with a fresh perspective.
5. Submit the Expository Essay
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