1. Before 1980 what were some of the signs of the increasing US strategic commitment in the Greater Middle East? Specifically what were the Nixon and Carter doctrines?
2. What were the implications of the US shouldering primary responsibility for securing the planet’s principal oils storehouse? Why couldn’t the containment formula that had been at least somewhat successful during the Cold War be effective in the Middle East.
3. Afghanistan stands out as the ostensibly big win that gave way to an even bigger mess. This is sometimes referred to as blowback – the impact of unintended consequences? What examples of blowback can you identify in America’s War in the Greater Middle East?.
4. What if anything did US efforts to combat terrorism in Lebanon and Libya indicate about the difficulty of achieving the anticipated goals?
5. Why was Desert Storm an inflection point in (America’s War for the Greater Middle East)AWGME book? Why didn’t the US destroy Saddam’s regime?
6. What does it mean to say that operational virtuosity is a poor substitute for strategic wisdom. How was that demonstrated in the Balkans intervention?
Question 1
The United States engaged in perfect collaboration with the local nations in the Middle East to ensure that it receives full support to manage its strategies. The United States managed to employ effective strategy of the offshore balance, where it relied on the twin pillars in Saudi Arabia and Iran to serve as its regional partners. The United States was successful in maintaining a proper regional balance of power to ensure that its interests are met. The Nixon Doctrine states that the United States was responsible for offering military and economic support for allies who were facing military threat (Bacevich, 2016). The doctrine intended to serve South Vietnam. On the other hand, the Carter doctrine demanded that the United States was responsible for using its military force to defend it’s country’s interest within the Persian Gulf.
Question 2
The attempts for the United States to secure the planet’s principal oils storehouse led to more enemies and increased the intensity of the Middle East war. It led to several deaths and destruction. As well, the country managed to save the huge losses that would have been experienced by the oil storehouse (Tillman, 1982). Failure in containment formula was major because of the complex nature of the Middle East, which involved overlapping, contradictory characteristics on political levels. The intensity of the Cold War was beyond the ability of the formula, and several Americans had built a negative perception on the formula.
Question 3
One of the major blowback experienced during the Middle East war was the Saudi-led war, where the United States was shamelessly complicit (Ducey, 2017). The war involved a brutal bombing campaign, which came against the civilians and rebel ports. The attacks led to more than 10,000 deaths of the civilians, an outbreak of the worst cholera epidemic, and mass starvation. Other blowbacks included the suicide bombing that happened in Casablanca and the trained bombing in Madrid.
Question 4
The United States faced several challenges in its efforts to combat the existence of terrorism in Libya and Lebanon. The country military faced several difficulties to allow for the completion of its goals. The terrorist groups in the two countries were armed and had proper collaboration, which proved difficult for the United States to deal with them. These groups were armed, and they received support from other nations, which were against the United States (Bacevich, 2016). The policies used by the United States to combat the terrorism were also ineffective, which made the country to shift its tactics often to ensure that they are successful in the operation. The United States faced intensive threats from terrorist groups.
Question 5
The desert storm was a way deliberated to rescue Saudi Arabia, which was led by the United States and involved other 35 nations. The war was against Iraq due to oil production and pricing disputes. The was served as an inflection point in American War for the Greater Middle East book because of its target and agenda, which included the United States as the leading nation through the war (Tillman, 1982). The United States failed to destroy Saddam’s regime because of ignorance and neglect. The operation employed by the United States had a big problem. They assumed that the Iraqis could not fight back, which made them not to prepare adequately and be armed properly. The United States was in haste, and they did not take enough time for preparation for the war. Poor policing went against the United States.
Question 6
Operational virtuosity being a poor substitute for strategic wisdom means that there were several failures experienced under the policy of Operational virtuosity, just after it came in to replace strategic wisdom policy during Balkans intervention. In the exclusion of Balkan campaigns for the Greater Middle East including an overlook of United States weakness in its military practices. One of the weaknesses caused by Operational virtuosity included related to challenges inherent and campaign design in the aligning military strategy with political purpose (Ducey, 2017). Another weakness was the conviction, which led to the employment of the United States military power for the export of universal values, which was anticipated to reducing the global violence incidence.
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