Health promotion and health education are not to be used interchangeably, to promote, one needs some education insight. In the United States within the last century, health educators have been trained to disseminate information/education within communities (Fertman & Allensworth, 2017). Not to be confused with healthcare providers and similar who are likely to practice within a certain scope or specialty, health educators “promote a variety of learning experiences to facilitate voluntary action that is conducive to health” (Fertman & Allensworth). Health education is often taught by individual sessions, groups and/or electronically that facilitates learning knowledge and skills that influence health behaviors (Fertman & Allensworth). Health promotion on the other hand, according to the WHO (2016) can be defined as,
it enables people to increase control over their own health. It covers a wide range of social and environmental interventions that are designed to benefit and protect individual people’s health and quality of life by addressing and preventing the root causes of ill health, not just focusing on treatment and cure.
In that sense, health promotion includes planning, interventions, policy and beyond. Which is more than simply learning about information in relation to improving one’s health? The overarching similarity between the two is to improve health.
Health People 2020 and Health Promotion
Healthy People (2019) since its inception over three decades ago “has established benchmarks and monitored progress over time to: Encourage collaborations across communities and sectors, empower individuals toward making informed health decisions, and measure the impact of prevention activities. Each decade establishes a 10-year agenda with objectives to improve the Nation’s health.
The mission of Healthy People (2019) includes:
Identify nationwide health improvement priorities.
Increase public awareness and understanding of the determinants of health, disease, and disability and the opportunities for progress.
Provide measurable objectives and goals that are applicable at the national, state and local levels.
Engage multiple sectors to take action to strengthen policies and improve practices that are driven by the best available evidence and knowledge.
Identify critical research, evaluation, and data collection needs.
This is a multidisciplinary effort at all levels to promote health.
Affordable Care Act and Health Promotion
According to HealthCare.gov (n.d.) enacted in 2010, the Affordable Health Care Act has three primary goals:
Make affordable health insurance available to more people. The law provides consumers with subsidies (“premium tax credits”) that lower costs for households with incomes between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level.
Expand the Medicaid program to cover all adults with income below 138% of the federal poverty level. (Not all states have expanded their Medicaid programs.)
Support innovative medical care delivery methods designed to lower the costs of health care generally.
At this level of nationwide policy, it is in line with WHO saying “it enables people to increase control over their own health”. According to Chait & Glied (2018), the ACA “bolstered financing for building public health and prevention capacity, expanded access to preventive services, and encouraged private employers and insurers to incorporate prevention and wellness into workplaces and coverage policies.” The ACA being able to have access to broader coverage and services versus targeted screening, aided in the people to preventative care gap (Chait & Glied).
Chait, N., & Glied, S. (2018). Promoting Prevention Under the Affordable Care Act. Annual Review of Public Health, 39(1), 507–524. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013534
Fertman, C.I. and Allensworth, D.D. (2017). Health promotion programs: From theory to practice (2nd ed). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
HealthCare.gov (n.d.). Affordable Care Act (ACA) – HealthCare.gov Glossary. HealthCare.gov. Retrieved from https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/affordable-care-act/
Healthy People (2019). About Healthy People | Healthy People 2020. Healthypeople.gov. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/About-Healthy-People
World Health Organization (3 Aug. 2016.). What is health promotion?. World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/features/qa/health-promotion/en/
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