BIOLOGY
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There are 6 figures below, for each figure:
1) State the question the authors are trying to address?
2) Shortly summarize the methods that are used ?
3) State the conclusions from the figure
(SHORT ANSWERS IN âSENTENCE FORMATâ ARE REQUIRED FOR EACH FIGURE)
Figure 1: Expression of XMeis3, Hoxd1, Hoxb4, and Hoxc6 during gastrulation.
Embryos were analysed by whole-mount in situ hybridisation for expression of XMeis3 (A and B), Hoxd1 (C and D), Hoxb4 (E and F), and Hoxc6 (G and H). Whole mounts are shown on the left side of each panel, sections of these embryos are shown on the right side of each panel, in the inset, on the bottom right corner of every panel, the dotted line indicates the plane of sectioning. Spemann’s organiser is clearly visible in A,C and E, as the gap in the Hox or Meis expression domain, facing up in the left hand panels . Embryos shown are at stage 11, vegetal views with dorsal up (A, C, E, and G) and at stage 13, dorsal views with anterior up (B, D, F, and H). XMeis3 expression overlaps with dorsolateral expression of Hoxd1, Hoxb4, and Hoxc6 in mesoderm at stage 11 (A, C, E, and G). XMeis3 expression in ectoderm at stage 13 overlaps with expression of Hoxd1 but not with expression of Hoxb4 and Hoxc6 (B, D, F, and H). At stage 11, Hox and Meis expression is limited by a sharp boundary, running parallel to the outside of the embryo. This boundary is Brachy’s cleft, the boundary between involuted mesoderm and external ectoderm Brachy’s cleft runs from the blastopore to the upper limit of the involuted mesoderm (and is actually visible as a cleft in the upper part of the right panel of Fig 1C. All early Hox expression is known to be inside this cleft at this stage (mesodermal, not ectodermal) and thus marks the position of the cleft. The early XMeis3 expression shows the same pattern. It is mesodermal. At a later stage (Fig 1B), XMeis 3 expression is also outside Brachy’s cleft (ectodermal).
Figure 2: XMeis3 gain-of-function.
Embryos were…
There are 6 figures below, for each figure:
1) State the question the authors are trying to address?
2) Shortly summarize the methods that are used ?
3) State the conclusions from the figure
(SHORT ANSWERS IN âSENTENCE FORMATâ ARE REQUIRED FOR EACH FIGURE)
Figure 1: Expression of XMeis3, Hoxd1, Hoxb4, and Hoxc6 during gastrulation.
Embryos were analysed by whole-mount in situ hybridisation for expression of XMeis3 (A and B), Hoxd1 (C and D), Hoxb4 (E and F), and Hoxc6 (G and H). Whole mounts are shown on the left side of each panel, sections of these embryos are shown on the right side of each panel, in the inset, on the bottom right corner of every panel, the dotted line indicates the plane of sectioning. Spemann’s organiser is clearly visible in A,C and E, as the gap in the Hox or Meis expression domain, facing up in the left hand panels . Embryos shown are at stage 11, vegetal views with dorsal up (A, C, E, and G) and at stage 13, dorsal views with anterior up (B, D, F, and H). XMeis3 expression overlaps with dorsolateral expression of Hoxd1, Hoxb4, and Hoxc6 in mesoderm at stage 11 (A, C, E, and G). XMeis3 expression in ectoderm at stage 13 overlaps with expression of Hoxd1 but not with expression of Hoxb4 and Hoxc6 (B, D, F, and H). At stage 11, Hox and Meis expression is limited by a sharp boundary, running parallel to the outside of the embryo. This boundary is Brachy’s cleft, the boundary between involuted mesoderm and external ectoderm Brachy’s cleft runs from the blastopore to the upper limit of the involuted mesoderm (and is actually visible as a cleft in the upper part of the right panel of Fig 1C. All early Hox expression is known to be inside this cleft at this stage (mesodermal, not ectodermal) and thus marks the position of the cleft. The early XMeis3 expression shows the same pattern. It is mesodermal. At a later stage (Fig 1B), XMeis 3 expression is also outside Brachy’s cleft (ectodermal).
Figure 2: XMeis3 gain-of-function.
Embryos were…
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