EssayFount's pharmacy hub delivers free NAPLEX practice questions by competency area, MPJE state law preparation, BCPS pharmacotherapy study guides, annotated pharmacology case studies, pharmacy calculations, pharmacokinetics walkthroughs, and top 200 drugs flashcards, each reviewed by licensed Doctors of Pharmacy. Resources support P3 candidates, P4 rotations, and practicing pharmacists pursuing initial licensure, state transfers, or board specialty certification.
Reviewed by Dr. Naomi Alvarez, ambulatory care clinical specialist with 11 years of experience. Author: Dr. Rohan Mehta, 6 years of combined community and hospital practice. Last reviewed: April 2026.
How PharmD candidates use the EssayFount pharmacy hub
Across the last twelve months, 47 licensed Doctors of Pharmacy and two Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialists contributed to this hub, drafting more than 2,800 NAPLEX practice questions, annotating 116 pharmacology cases, and reviewing 1,940 PharmD student drafts. The collection spans ten sub-pillars, from pharmacokinetics homework help coursework support walkthroughs to top 200 drugs NAPLEX flashcards, so candidates can pull a relevant example the night before a block exam, a licensure sitting, or a Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee presentation.
Every resource passes a two-tier review. A subject-matter Doctor of Pharmacy drafts or edits the artifact, then a second Doctor of Pharmacy, often a Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist, verifies clinical accuracy, Food and Drug Administration labeling, and citation hygiene before the page goes live. This mirrors the documentation-to-outcome review process advocated by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, which ties case-based education to measurable licensure performance (American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 2023).
Candidate traffic concentrates on six use-cases: free NAPLEX practice questions with rationales, MPJE practice questions for state law sitting, BCPS practice questions for pharmacotherapy certification, fully annotated pharmacology case study walkthroughs, pharmacy calculations drills for competency area 4, and PharmD rotation templates for advanced pharmacy practice experiences. Sections below map to each use-case in the order a typical P3 or P4 student moves through the final two professional years. For the full mock exam, see our NAPLEX 500 question practice hub.
Which NAPLEX practice questions appear by competency area
The North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination test plan from the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy defines the distribution of items a candidate will see. The NAPLEX measures competency in six practice areas to establish minimum skills for initial pharmacist licensure (NABP NAPLEX Competency Statements, 2023). A scaled score of 75 is the current passing standard for the NAPLEX (NABP Candidate Application Bulletin, 2024). Below are sample items per area. Each answer includes a rationale so that the item functions as a study unit, not just a recall drill. For deeper per-area drills, follow through to our NAPLEX 500 question practice hub.
Area 1: obtain, interpret, or assess patient-specific information
Sample item: a 58-year-old woman presents with a blood pressure of 162 over 94, a hemoglobin A1c of 7.8 percent, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 42 milliliters per minute. Which home medication most likely requires immediate reassessment? Correct answer: metformin, because the prescribing information cautions against initiation when the estimated glomerular filtration rate falls below 45 milliliters per minute and discontinuation is recommended below 30. The rationale ties the laboratory trigger to Food and Drug Administration labeling changes issued in 2016 that replaced the older serum creatinine threshold.
Area 2: identify drug characteristics
Sample item: which of the following medications is a prodrug that requires hepatic activation by cytochrome P450 2C19? Correct answer: clopidogrel, which explains the reduced antiplatelet effect observed in poor metabolizers. Items in this area reward mechanism-of-action and metabolism-pathway recognition over rote brand-to-generic matching. A fluent top 200 drugs candidate will recognize prodrug relationships for clopidogrel, codeine, tamoxifen, valacyclovir, and sulfasalazine.
Area 3: develop or manage treatment plans
Sample item: a patient with newly diagnosed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is stabilized on lisinopril and carvedilol. Which medication should be added next, per current guidelines? Correct answer: a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin or empagliflozin, reflecting the quadruple therapy framework that now anchors heart failure with reduced ejection fraction pharmacotherapy. Area 3 rewards candidates who can sequence drug initiation against guideline-directed medical therapy and titrate doses safely.
Area 4: perform calculations
Sample item: a pharmacy receives an order for heparin 25,000 units in 250 milliliters of 5 percent dextrose to infuse at 18 units per kilogram per hour for a 72-kilogram adult. What is the infusion rate in milliliters per hour? Working: 18 multiplied by 72 equals 1,296 units per hour; 1,296 divided by 100 units per milliliter equals 12.96 milliliters per hour. Round to 13 milliliters per hour at the bedside. Area 4 receives its own full drill section below, because it accounts for a substantial share of items that trip otherwise well-prepared candidates.
Area 5: compound, dispense, or administer drug products
Sample item: a sterile compounding technician prepares a 100-milliliter admixture of vancomycin 1 gram in 0.9 percent sodium chloride. Which United States Pharmacopeia chapter governs beyond-use dating for this low-risk compounded sterile preparation? Correct answer: USP Chapter 797. Area 5 items pull from USP standards, the Drug Supply Chain Security Act, and institutional policy intersections that practicing hospital pharmacists manage daily.
Area 6: develop and manage practice and medication-use systems
Sample item: a health system is piloting a pharmacist-led transitions-of-care service. Which outcome is the most meaningful primary endpoint for a readmission-focused quality-improvement project? Correct answer: 30-day all-cause readmission rate, aligned with the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program measure set. Area 6 rewards candidates who understand medication-use evaluation, formulary management, and pharmacoeconomic reasoning alongside clinical knowledge.
Full 50-question NAPLEX mock hub
Candidates who want a timed block with six-area coverage should sit the full 50-question sampler at the NAPLEX 500 question practice hub. The hub times each item to 65 seconds, logs competency-area performance, and feeds weaknesses back into a personalized study plan. Candidates can also layer deck-based review with our NAPLEX flashcards study deck for spaced repetition across the top 200 drugs and core disease-state protocols.
MPJE state pharmacy jurisprudence
The Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination assesses federal and state pharmacy law for candidates seeking licensure or reciprocity. The MPJE tests federal and state pharmacy law across fifty participating jurisdictions (NABP MPJE Competency Statements, 2023). Candidates see 120 items on a two-and-a-half-hour computer-adaptive delivery, with the scored item count reflecting the jurisdiction chosen at registration. California administers its own examination, the California Practice Standards and Jurisprudence Examination for Pharmacists, rather than the MPJE.
What the MPJE covers
Roughly 80 percent of MPJE content comes from federal sources the candidate must know cold: the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Controlled Substances Act and Drug Enforcement Administration schedules, the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act privacy rule, the Drug Supply Chain Security Act, and USP sterile and nonsterile compounding chapters. Items repeatedly probe schedule-II refill prohibitions, emergency oral prescription limits for controlled substances, corresponding responsibility doctrine, and power-of-attorney forms for Drug Enforcement Administration Form 222 ordering.
State-specific MPJE study (top ten states)
The remaining items probe jurisdiction-specific rules. Florida, Texas, New York, Georgia, North Carolina, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, and Massachusetts generate the largest candidate volume. Florida enforces particular counseling and technician ratio statutes. Texas allows collaborative practice agreements with physicians under defined protocols. New York distinguishes its Official New York State Prescription form requirements. Each jurisdiction publishes a Board of Pharmacy law book that should be read cover to cover in the final two weeks before sitting. For state-by-state guides, visit our MPJE practice by state page.
MPJE practice question sample
Sample item: a pharmacist receives a fax of a schedule-II prescription for oxycodone for a hospice patient. Which of the following is true under federal Drug Enforcement Administration rules? Correct answer: a faxed schedule-II prescription is acceptable as the original for hospice patients, home-infusion patients receiving parenteral therapy, and long-term-care facility residents. The candidate must also know the narrow exceptions and that emergency oral schedule-II prescriptions require a written follow-up within seven days.
BCPS pharmacotherapy certification
The Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist credential from the Board of Pharmacy Specialties signals advanced pharmacotherapy expertise. The Board of Pharmacy Specialties administers the BCPS examination for pharmacotherapy certification (BPS Candidate Guide, 2024). Recertification requires either a second examination or Board of Pharmacy Specialties-approved professional development every seven years.
BCPS eligibility and exam blueprint
Eligibility pathways include three years of practice experience with at least 50 percent spent in pharmacotherapy activities, completion of a Pharmacy Practice residency plus at least one additional year of practice, or completion of a postgraduate year 2 specialty residency in pharmacotherapy. The examination is 200 multiple-choice items across four content domains: patient-specific pharmacotherapy, retrieval, analysis, and interpretation of the literature, development and implementation of medication-use policy, and development and management of practice systems. Candidates typically study between 200 and 300 hours, with the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy Self-Assessment Program forming the most common core resource.
BCPS sample question
Sample item: a 62-year-old man with atrial fibrillation, a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 4, and a creatinine clearance of 38 milliliters per minute is starting anticoagulation. Which direct oral anticoagulant dose is most appropriate? Correct answer: apixaban 2.5 milligrams twice daily, because the patient meets two of three dose-reduction criteria (age 80 or older, weight 60 kilograms or less, serum creatinine 1.5 milligrams per deciliter or higher) when age and weight are triangulated with the renal marker, and the prescribing information specifies dose reduction when two criteria are present. The reasoning trail through the prescribing information is what BCPS items reward.
BCPS versus Board Certified Geriatric Pharmacist versus Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist
Candidates often compare three Board of Pharmacy Specialties credentials. BCPS remains the broadest pharmacotherapy generalist credential. The Board Certified Geriatric Pharmacist credential targets pharmacists who care for older adults in skilled nursing, assisted living, or geriatric consultation practice. The Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist credential targets clinic-based pharmacists managing chronic diseases under collaborative practice agreements. Pharmacists building a clinical career commonly pursue BCPS first, then a second specialty after a year of focused practice. Our BCPS study guide provides the detailed blueprint crosswalk.
Top 200 drugs for the NAPLEX
The top 200 drugs framework is widely used in PharmD curricula for NAPLEX preparation (Mosby's Drug Reference for Health Professions, 9th ed., 2020). Students who memorize brand and generic names, therapeutic class, mechanism, major adverse effects, and one counseling point per drug reliably add four to six scaled points on practice NAPLEX blocks. The table below summarizes the highest-yield cardiovascular, endocrine, antimicrobial, and central nervous system agents.
Cardiovascular high-yield agents
Within cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, candidates should master Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor agents such as lisinopril and enalapril, angiotensin receptor blockers such as losartan and valsartan, calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine and diltiazem, and thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone. Warfarin sits in its own monitoring lane alongside direct oral anticoagulants. Statins, particularly atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, appear on virtually every block with a rhabdomyolysis or drug-interaction twist.
Endocrine and diabetes agents
Endocrine agents feature metformin, the four-drug sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor class, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist class with semaglutide and tirzepatide as 2025 high-volume items, sulfonylureas such as glipizide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin, and insulin families including long-acting glargine and rapid-acting lispro. Thyroid agents such as levothyroxine and methimazole round out the category.
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial items cluster around beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins by generation, carbapenems), macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and the high-yield anti-MRSA triad of vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin. Antifungals such as fluconazole, voriconazole, and micafungin recur, along with the antiretroviral single-tablet regimens that commonly appear as counseling questions.
Central nervous system and psychiatric agents
Central nervous system coverage spans Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor agents such as sertraline and escitalopram, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors such as duloxetine, bupropion as a dopamine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, tricyclic antidepressants for their anticholinergic load, second-generation antipsychotics such as quetiapine and aripiprazole, and mood stabilizers including lithium, valproic acid, and lamotrigine. Opioid analgesics receive their own attention because of prescribing-information and naloxone co-prescribing obligations.
Downloadable top 200 flashcard deck
Candidates can download a 200-card deck with drug name, class, mechanism, top adverse effect, and one counseling point. The deck is organized by therapeutic class and cross-linked with chapter numbers in DiPiro's Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. For the full downloadable deck, visit Top 200 drugs for NAPLEX or browse Pharmacology flashcards for additional decks covering infectious disease, oncology, and critical care.
How do you analyze a pharmacology case study in five steps
A pharmacology case analysis translates the pharmacist's patient-care workflow into a document. The canonical five-step structure mirrors the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process published by the Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners: collect, assess, plan, implement, and follow-up. Each annotated case below shows the five steps end to end. For further worked cases, see Pharmacology case study walkthroughs.
Hypertension decision tree
A 54-year-old African American man presents with an office blood pressure of 152 over 96, a normal electrocardiogram, and a serum potassium of 4.2. Collect: confirm readings on two separate visits and review sodium intake, alcohol, and over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use. Assess: stage 2 hypertension under the 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guideline. Plan: initiate a thiazide or calcium channel blocker first-line, because Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor monotherapy is less effective in this subgroup. Implement: start amlodipine 5 milligrams daily, counsel on peripheral edema risk, and schedule follow-up within four weeks. Follow-up: re-measure blood pressure, titrate to 10 milligrams if goals are not met, and consider adding a thiazide if still above 130 over 80.
Warfarin International Normalized Ratio management
A 72-year-old woman on warfarin 5 milligrams daily for atrial fibrillation returns with an International Normalized Ratio of 4.8 and no bleeding. Warfarin dose adjustment is guided by target International Normalized Ratio range (American College of Chest Physicians antithrombotic guidelines, Witt et al., 2018). Collect: confirm adherence, recent antibiotic exposure, dietary vitamin K changes, alcohol, and acetaminophen use. Assess: supratherapeutic International Normalized Ratio without bleeding. Plan: hold one to two doses and reduce weekly dose by 10 to 20 percent per guideline. Implement: counsel the patient, schedule International Normalized Ratio recheck in three to five days, document the warfarin International Normalized Ratio decision. Follow-up: return to target range and resume maintenance dosing.
Drug interaction case: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor plus tramadol
A 48-year-old man on sertraline 100 milligrams daily for generalized anxiety disorder is prescribed tramadol for acute back pain. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors combined with tramadol increase the risk of serotonin syndrome (Volpi-Abadie et al., Ochsner Journal, 2013). Collect: medication list including over-the-counter dextromethorphan and St. John's wort. Assess: a clinically significant drug drug interaction with potential for a serotonergic triad of mental-status changes, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity. Plan: recommend a non-serotonergic analgesic such as acetaminophen or a short naproxen course with gastroprotection. Implement: contact the prescriber, document in the patient profile, and counsel the patient on symptoms that warrant emergency care. Follow-up: confirm analgesic regimen change and absence of serotonin-syndrome symptoms at one week.
Antibiotic stewardship: community acquired pneumonia outpatient
A 55-year-old previously healthy woman presents with a productive cough, fever of 38.6 degrees Celsius, and a respiratory rate of 22. Collect: allergy history, recent antibiotic exposure, and any chronic lung disease. Assess: outpatient community acquired pneumonia with a low severity score. Plan: per the 2019 American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline, recommend amoxicillin plus a macrolide, or doxycycline monotherapy if the macrolide is unsuitable, for five days. Implement: counsel on completion, common adverse effects, and return precautions. Follow-up: confirm clinical improvement at 72 hours and complete five-day therapy.
Stuck on a warfarin or drug interaction case? Send the patient scenario to our Doctor of Pharmacy tutors and receive a quote within two hours. Our team writes and edits model pharmacology papers, walks through the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process step by step, and builds decision trees you can defend in class or on a clinical rotation. Request a PharmD reviewer quote on your pharmacology case, or browse Pharmacology case study walkthroughs for free annotated examples first.
Pharmacy calculations for NAPLEX competency area 4
Competency area 4 concentrates on calculations and typically accounts for a substantial share of the items candidates miss on first pass. The drills below follow a standard PharmD curricular sequence and map cleanly to both the NAPLEX and hospital-rotation expectations. For full drills, visit Pharmacy calculations practice.
Weight-based dosing
Convert pounds to kilograms by dividing by 2.2, then multiply by the per-kilogram dose. Example: a 176-pound adult receives gentamicin 5 milligrams per kilogram once daily. Working: 176 divided by 2.2 equals 80 kilograms; 80 multiplied by 5 equals 400 milligrams per dose. Round to the nearest 20-milligram vial size per institutional policy, typically 400 milligrams.
Intravenous flow rate and drip rate
Infusion rate in milliliters per hour equals total volume divided by total time. Drip rate in drops per minute equals volume multiplied by drop factor divided by time in minutes. Example: infuse 1,000 milliliters of 0.9 percent sodium chloride over 8 hours with a 15 drops-per-milliliter tubing set. Working: 125 milliliters per hour; drip rate equals 125 multiplied by 15 divided by 60, or 31 drops per minute.
Pediatric dosing with Clark's rule
Clark's rule calculates a pediatric dose as weight in pounds divided by 150 multiplied by the adult dose. Young's rule uses age divided by age plus 12. Both serve as safety checks rather than primary dosing instruments, because modern pediatric dosing relies on the per-kilogram or per-body-surface-area regimen from the prescribing information.
Compounding percentage strength
Percent weight-in-volume equals grams of solute per 100 milliliters of solution. Example: a 2 percent lidocaine solution contains 2 grams per 100 milliliters, or 20 milligrams per milliliter. Candidates should be fluent in percent weight-in-weight, percent volume-in-volume, and ratio-strength conversions between 1:1,000 epinephrine as 1 milligram per milliliter and 1:10,000 as 0.1 milligram per milliliter.
Aliquot and alligation method
Aliquot technique solves for minimum weighable quantities when the prescribed amount falls below the balance's sensitivity. Alligation calculates the proportion of two strengths needed to reach an intermediate target, useful for compounding topical preparations and intravenous admixtures at a non-stocked strength. Working a tic-tac-toe grid on scratch paper during the examination is faster than setting up simultaneous equations.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics homework
Pharmacokinetics describes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body (Shargel and Yu, Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, 7th ed., 2016). Pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body, including receptor binding, dose-response relationships, and tolerance. Candidates who grasp both frameworks move quickly through NAPLEX clinical items and BCPS therapeutic vignettes.
Half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance
Half-life equals 0.693 multiplied by the volume of distribution divided by clearance. Steady state is reached in four to five half-lives, a milestone that drives when candidates should draw therapeutic-drug-monitoring levels for vancomycin, phenytoin, digoxin, and tacrolimus. A drug with a large volume of distribution such as amiodarone distributes extensively into tissue, explaining its extremely long elimination half-life and the need for loading doses.
One-compartment versus two-compartment models
A one-compartment model assumes instantaneous distribution, adequate for drugs such as aminoglycosides in most calculation contexts. A two-compartment model captures a rapid distribution phase followed by a slower elimination phase, which matters for vancomycin pharmacokinetic software and for digoxin timing of a serum concentration relative to administration.
Michaelis-Menten kinetics phenytoin case
Phenytoin displays Michaelis Menten saturation kinetics at therapeutic concentrations (DiPiro et al., Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 12th ed., 2023). Small dose increases produce disproportionately large serum concentration rises once the metabolic enzyme nears saturation. A candidate analyzing a phenytoin case should anticipate toxic concentrations when a prescriber bumps a 300-milligram daily dose to 400 milligrams without a level check. The Michaelis Menten kinetics framework explains why phenytoin demands individualized dosing rather than linear extrapolation.
PharmD rotation templates: SOAP, drug monograph, and journal club
Lawrence Weed introduced the problem oriented medical record and SOAP framework adopted by clinical pharmacists (Weed, New England Journal of Medicine, 1968). On advanced pharmacy practice experience rotations, students deliver three core artifacts: the SOAP-style progress note, the drug monograph for Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee review, and the journal-club critique. Templates below map to American Society of Health-System Pharmacists rotation rubrics.
A PharmD rotation SOAP note differs from a medical SOAP by emphasizing pharmacotherapy assessment and pharmacist-led plan elements such as dose adjustment, therapeutic-drug monitoring, counseling, and transitions-of-care reconciliation. The drug monograph uses a standardized outline: indication, mechanism, pharmacokinetics, safety, efficacy evidence, place-in-therapy, and pharmacoeconomic analysis. The journal-club critique follows the Users' Guides to the Medical Literature framework: validity, results, and applicability. For template downloads and worked examples, visit Drug monograph templates and the PharmD SOAP note format guide. Students preparing residency applications can also review PharmD personal statement editing for letter-of-intent guidance.
Pharmacology assignment help and coursework writing
EssayFount's pharmacy tutoring service supports PharmD coursework across disease-state modules, skills laboratory assignments, and advanced pharmacy practice experience deliverables. The service provides model papers and study aids for tutoring and editing reference. It does not produce work to be submitted as your own, in line with the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists statement on pharmacy education and the International Center for Academic Integrity. Pharmacology assignment help routinely covers drug-information questions, medication therapy management case studies, and pharmacy-management coursework.
Graduate and professional learners can request feedback on Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee submissions, compounding laboratory reports, PharmD thesis chapters, and biostatistics assignments that cross over into public health and epidemiology. For a subject-matter overview of peer health disciplines, explore nursing study assistance, Physician Assistant PANCE prep, Dental and dental hygiene, Veterinary pharmacology, and Nutrition and dietetics. Browse every discipline via All 28 subjects.
Pricing and turnaround for pharmacy writing assistance
EssayFount's pharmacy writing service is staffed by verified Doctors of Pharmacy, many holding a Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist credential or working in academic clinical practice. Pricing ranges from $16.99 per page for undergraduate pre-pharmacy editing and tutoring with a 14-day deadline, to $29.99 per page for PharmD thesis and Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee dossier drafting on a 24-hour deadline. Typical turnaround tiers: 14 days, 7 days, 72 hours, 48 hours, 24 hours, and 8 hours for urgent tutor review.
Add-ons include drug-monograph formatting, Food and Drug Administration prescribing-information citation checks, Pharmacokinetic parameter verification, American Medical Association 11 reference-list polishing, and a plagiarism-scan report. For condition-specific needs, browse Drug drug interaction cases, Pharmacokinetics homework help, or Pharmacology case study walkthroughs. For a catalog of past pharmacy deliverables, review Pharmacy paper samples, cross-exam prep through Cross exam prep index, or direct service quotes via Pharmacy essay writing service and terminal-degree work through PharmD thesis writing help. Returning from the homepage? Go back to essayfount home coursework support.
Ready for a Doctor of Pharmacy to review your pharmacology paper?
EssayFount connects PharmD candidates and practicing pharmacists with verified Doctors of Pharmacy for model-paper review, case-study walkthroughs, NAPLEX practice questions tutoring, and full Food and Drug Administration-aligned editing. Over the last year, the team has supported candidates across 38 PharmD programs in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, with a 96 percent on-time delivery rate and a 4.7 out of 5 average candidate rating. Ask a licensed PharmD to review your pharmacology paper or NAPLEX study plan and receive a Doctor of Pharmacy on your draft within hours. Browse Pharmacy writers and tutors to see the team, or open our student tools library for flashcards and calculators. Course-by-course syllabi live on PharmD course hubs, and Chemistry fundamentals plus Biology and physiology cover the prerequisite sciences.