- Must define all key concepts used (assume reader is not experienced in Politics)
- AND briefly explain how key concepts (eg. integration, differentiated integration) arise in general / in EU context
- Must provide clear arguments for both sides (show why EU integration is/isn’t becoming more differentiated)
- Preferably use an EU integration area as case study
- AND use this case study to show both sides to arguments (examples where differentiated integration does/doesn’t take place in this case study)
- Overall, please make sure there are complex arguments for both sides of discussion (explained clearly) which counteract eachother, and clearly state a Thesis at beginning/end of essay
Important sources to look at (in addition to your own research):
- Schimmelfennig, F., Leuffen, D. and Rittberger, B. 2015. `The European Union as a system of differentiated integration: interdependence, politicization and differentiation`, Journal of European Public Policy, 22(6): 764-782.
- Bellamy, R. & Kroger, S., 2021. Countering Democratic Backsliding by EU Member States: Constitutional Pluralism and Value Differentiated Integration. Swiss political science review, 27(3), pp.619636.
Additional sources to look at (in addition to your own research):
- Adler-Nissen, R. 2011. Opting out of an ever closer union: the integration doxa and the management of sovereignty, West European Politics 34(5): 1092113.
- Duttle, T., Holzinger, K., Schaubli, T., Schimmelfennig, F. and Winzen T. 2013. The dynamics of secondary-law differentiation in the European Union, paper presented at the EPSA Conference, Barcelona, 2022 June.
- Dyson, K. and Sepos, A. 2010. Differentiation as design principle and as tool in the political management of European integration. In Dyson, K. and Sepos, A. (eds.). Which Europe? The Politics of Differentiated Integration (pp 3-23). Palgrave.
- Kolliker, A. 2006. Flexibility and European Unification: The Logic of Differentiated Integration. Rowman and Littlefield.
- Leruth, B. 2015. Operationalizing national preferences on Europe and differentiated integration, Journal of European Public Policy, 22(6):816-35
- Leuffen, D., Rittberger, B. and Schimmelfennig, F. 2013. Differentiated Integration. Explaining Variation in the European Union. Palgrave.
- Schimmelfennig, F. 2014. Differentiated integration before and after the crisis. In Cramme, O. and Hobolt, S. (eds), Democratic Politics in a European Union Under Stress (pp. 12034). Oxford University Press.
I’ve attatched a pdf of Schimmelfennig et al (2015) reading
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