Please answer the two questions in the case study. The only thing that needs to be APA are the references and the in text citations. I have attached an example case study and the rubric for the case study.
Case Study
S.M. is a healthy 27-year-old woman, pregnant with her first child. The pregnancy was completely normal. However, as the delivery date approached, Sue became increasingly fearful of the pain associated with a vaginal delivery. She discussed these rears with her OB, who reassured her that she would be a good candidate for epidural anesthesia. The OB explained that during this procedure, Lidocaine, a local anesthetic, is injected into the epidural space around the lumbar spinal cord. Lidocaine prevents pain by blocking action potentials in the sensory nerve fibers that serve the pelvis and the perineum. She received an epidural anesthetic midway through her labor and delivered a healthy baby boy with virtually no pain.
Questions
1. Lidocaine and local anesthetics agents block action potentials in nerve fibers by binding to specific ion channels. At low concentration, these drugs decrease the rate of the rise of the upstroke of the AP. At higher concentrations, they prevent occurrence of the AP altogether. Based on this information and your knowledge of the ionic basis of the action potential, which ion channel would you conclude is blocked by Lidocaine? Explain how these ion channels are important.
2. Based on your knowledge of how nerve action potentials are propagated, how would you expect lidocaine to alter the conduction of the AP along a nerve fiber?
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