Respond to your colleague’s posts and provide additional insight that might be useful and appropriate for the issue addressed. Use your learning resources and/or evidence from the literature to support your position.
Colleague’s post; Prediabetes Overview
Prediabetes means that the blood sugar is higher than the normal range but not high enough to be considered type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is usually asymptomatic. Prediabetes may make the skin of the neck, armpits, elbows, knees, and knuckles darker. Some signs and symptoms may suggest that type 2 diabetes has developed, such as increased thirst, frequent urination, excess hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision. The complications of diabetes include retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). A study among postmenopausal women showed that 25% of participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) test progressed to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in 5 years. Unfortunately, until now, no complete cure for diabetes has been found. However, the treatment of pre-diabetes has shown significant success in preventing the further progression of diabetes (Radia et al., 2019).
Diagnostic Tests
According to Mohamed et al., the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that diabetes screening for most adults begin at age 45 and those overweight or have additional risk factors before age 45. A hemoglobin A1C level between 5.7% and 6.4%, a fasting blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 7.0 mmol/L), and a blood sugar level from 140 to 199 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L) during glucose tolerance test (GTT) are considered prediabetes. GTT is usually used to diagnose diabetes only during pregnancy. Diabetic patients commonly use a glucometer to measure blood glucose levels with fast and relatively accurate measurements. A few more advanced and minimally invasive modalities include the glucose-sensing patch, SwEatch, eyeglass biosensor, breath analysis, etc. (2018).
Prediabetes Treatments
Diet is the primary treatment for prediabetes. The total carbohydrates to be eaten are about 40 to 45 percent of total daily calories, preventing blood glucose from being too high or too low. A healthy diet focuses on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Eating the same amount of food at the same time each day is essential. Advise the patient to eat small, frequent meals throughout the day. Encourage the patient to complete 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days of the week and monitor their blood glucose at home using a finger stick blood sample and a home glucometer (Chapman-Novakofski & Montvilo., 2019). Monitor for signs and symptoms of developing type 2 diabetes.
References:
Chapman-Novakofski, K. R. D. L. D. N. P. D., & Montvilo, R. K. R. N. P. D. (2019). Gestational Diabetes. Magill’s Medical Guide
Mohamed, S. F., Mwangi, M., Mutua, M. K., Kibachio, J., Hussein, A., Ndegwa, Z., Owondo, S., Asiki, G., & Kyobutungi, C. (2018). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Pre-diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus in Kenya: Results from a National Survey. BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, 18, 1215. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6053-x.
Radia Marium Modhumi Khan, Zoey Jia Yu Chua, Jia Chi Tan, Yingying Yang, Zehuan Liao, & Yan Zhao. (2019). From Pre-Diabetes to Diabetes: Diagnosis, Treatments and Translational Research. Medicina, 55(9), 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090546.
Topic: Part 1: By Day 3
Based on the issue you chose, post a description and explanation of common symptoms, recommended diagnostic tests, and common treatments. Be specific and provide examples. Use the evidence from your search of the literature to support your explanation of the woman’s health issue you chose.
Table of Contents
Part 2: By Day 5
Next, based off the one women’s health issue you picked listed below, post your responses to the following questions that corresponds to your women’s health issue.
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Osteoporosis – What are your options for primary prevention? How would you educate someone on the treatment?
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Bladder Issues – What exactly are the symptoms? What about Interstitial cystitis (IC) and pelvic pain?
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Thyroid – What symptoms occur in women? What can you discern from that? What about infertility?
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Pre-diabetes – Are there menstrual irregularities? What types of medication are they taking? What about pregnancy plans?
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Hypertension – What medications are appropriate for a woman of reproductive age? Should you counsel the woman on appropriate dieting?
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Seizure Disorders – What special implications do you need to consider in this particular population?
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Psychiatric Disorders – Specify the types of disorders i.e., anxiety/depression/substance abuse/eating disorders
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