1Guidelines of the Research PaperTOPIC:The student can choose a topic for his/her own paper, or the student can consult with the instructor for a proper research topic. In case that the student selects his/her own topic, the topic must be known to and approved by the instructor. The research paper completed on the topic that was not approved by the instructor will not be accepted and will receive a zero for the grade.FORMAT: be typed, double-spaced with the Times font size 12. have one-inch margin on all sides. conform to the American Psychological Association (APA) style. be error-free regarding grammar and spelling. be between 18-20 pages in length, excluding the title page, the abstract page, and the references. There must be at least four refereed articles cited.SECTIONS OF PAPER:1. The title page (title of the paper, your name, course number and semester)2. The abstract page (one paragraph between 100 and 150 words)o overview of the whole papero focuses on the (key) results and conclusion/recommendation3. Introduction (2 pages) (to demonstrate that the problem/issue exists and to convince readers that the topic is worth studying). Put the title of the paper on the first page, too.o Brief history/discussion of the issue (2-3 paragraphs). If possible, some empirical studies’ findings and/or statistics should be included to support your points.o Define key terms.o The purpose and benefits/significance of the study and the importance of the study (the last paragraph of the introduction). It also must include 2-3 research questions that your study attempts to answer.4. Literature review (4-5) (to see what related studies have been conducted up to date).o Empirical studies (within the past ten years) that were conducted and that are related to the paper topic should be summarized and included. Your main source for these studies must be academic (refereed) journals. Information received from online websites, magazines, newspapers, books, and other non-academic articles alone will be insufficient and will not be credited.o Writes an organized, informed discussions of previous studies related to the subject of your study and Try to find the relationship between your study and previous works.o At the end of this section (i.e., the last paragraph), you should mention how your study can fill a gap in the literature and contribute to future study in the field. In other words, what your study will examine that has not been studied previously.
25. Methodology (4-5 pages)Samples: What was your population and sample? (Why did you choose them as your sample? What was your sampling technique (such as random, convenient, snow ball, or selective?) Why did you use that sampling technique? You should first start with the originally intended samples and the sampling procedure before you talked about your selected samples. Did you have any contact person to collect your data? Did you have a cover letter that explains about your study? Describe them. Either qualitative or quantitative data can be used for your study. Quantitative data also include official data you can find. For survey research, a minimum of 45 samples is required. The number of items in the research instrument should be about 10, excluding the demographic and other independent variables. Research Instrument: Where does the research instrument (survey questionnaire) come from? What were your independent and dependent variables? How did you operationalize (or measure) these independent and dependent variables? For example, you may say that “the Likert-type scale is used to measure the variables with 1 representing strongly disagree, 2 for disagree……..and 5 for strongly agree. Or you might measure the variables using yes/no/don’t know answers. Just mention that. Data Collection Process What was your data-collection technique (i.e., interview survey, self-administered survey, telephone interview survey, or using official data)? What were the procedures of this data collection process, including the contact persons and the time spent to get the data back and how the completed questionnaires were collected? What was the time period of the data collection? What was the response rate? What statistical techniques were used to analyze the data? You must at least include:1. Descriptive statistics (namely, frequency/percentage and mean scores)2. Chi-Square (only between dependent and independent variables).Note: In doing real research, the formal letter of support from the agency where the questionnaire will be administered must be attached with the application for the Human Subject Committee.This methods section must be mentioned in very detailed as to what kinds of variables you want to examine. Basically, the variables come from the questions/items in your research instrument unless you use secondary data (i.e., official data). You must mention all of the variables in your study, not just some of them. One of the ways to do this is to break the question items into groups.
36. Findings of the study and analyzing the data (4-5 pages, plus the tables) Tables:1. Table 1 includes the descriptive result (frequency/percentage) of the demographic/independent variables such as age, gender, income, religion, educational level, length of time in the service, and ethnicity. An extra table may be needed for other independent variables other than the demographic ones.2. Table 2 includes the frequency/percentage of the dependent variables.3. Table 3 includes the respondents’ comments from the open-ended question. (if applicable)4. Table 4-6 includes the crosstabs & Chi-Squares between 3 selected dependent variables and 3 independent variables. Although all of the data were presented in the tables, your interpretation of the results must include three points: (1) which variables are significantly correlated; (2) whether correlation is positive (direct) or negative (indirect); and (3) what such a relationship means.Each table must be on the same page and must have its specific heading. For the table, you may reduce the font size if needed. You should number each table and put each of the tables immediately following the explanation. Do not leave any space on the page that a table is included; fill them with texts. Interpretation of results from data analysis (what the data from each table tell you) must be mentioned for all of the variables of each table. For example, if you have 10 question items in your survey instrument, all of them must be reported. An effective way of interpreting the results is to report them as a group when possible, not one by one.Note: There must not be any personal opinions or any other information involved. Just interpret what the findings tell you. Before mentioning other results, you should report the highest and the lowest values of the frequency/percentage, mean, and correlation coefficients.7. Conclusion of the study (2-3 pages) Summary of the study’s findings; that is, to remind the most critical points of your study and the Concluding points that you can make based on what the study’s findings suggest. Any weaknesses of the study. This can be mentioned in the area of sampling used, design of the survey, statistical techniques used, and the (independent and/or dependent) variables examined in the study. Mention where future research should be focused on based on the results of your study.
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