FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATIONThere have been many attempts to define communication Dance and Larson (1976)Listed 126 different published definitions of communication but it may be more useful toidentify the essential elements of communication rather than reviewing each of thesedefinitions.In any communication event there are two general types of actions taking place; creating messages or displays, and interpreting message/ displays. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language (1987) says that “to display is literally to spread something out so that it may most completely and favorable be seen ” Thus to display is to make something plainly viewable usually in a favorable position for specific observation.A message is either a visual or auditory display that we make so that others may observe it.”The visual display could be in the form of writing a graphic display, or non verbal behavior. An auditory display could be spoken language or other sounds.For a display to be communicative behavior it must stand for something at least in the mind of the observer of the display. There are two general kinds of displays, verbal an non verbal In verbal communication, the first act in a communicative series of events then is to make a symbolic display for the observation of someone else. When we are planning a public speech we are planning the symbolic displays we will present to our audience. This display is our message.This message/display that we present is the information we make available. Information in this context refers to the words, sounds, and visual information we make available for others to observe.Information can be transferred to others in messages/displays but meaning cannot.Meaning is the result of the second type of action which takes place in any communication situation-interpretation. Interpretation is the act of making sense of something. The Random House Dictionary says that to interpret means “to construe or understand something in a particular way.”Communication Context Person A’s Person B’s Frame of Reference Frame of Reference Personality Personality Culture Culture Life History Life HistoryEducationEducationFamilyFamilyConsciousnessConsciousnessCommunication Process Communication Process Intention Intention/ Reception Prediction Predicoon Encoding-competence Decoding Performance-transmission Interpretation Feedback
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