BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF PIMOBENDAN.Describe the immunologic mechanisms of erythrocyte destruction in immune mediated haemolytic anaemia, differentiating intravascular vs. extravascular hemolysis.

BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF PIMOBENDAN.Describe the immunologic mechanisms of erythrocyte destruction in immune
mediated haemolytic anaemia, differentiating intravascular vs. extravascular
hemolysis.

1. Answer all parts of this question:
a) Briefly describe the mechanisms of action of pimobendan. (4 marks)
b) Describe the indications for pimobendan in dogs based on evidence in the
literature. (8 marks)
c) Summarise the literature regarding the use of pimobendan in cats. (5 marks)
d) Regarding the drug amiodarone: (7 marks)
i. Name the Vaughan Williams classification of this drug.
ii. Briefly describe the mechanism of action.
iii. Describe the potential indications for this drug in veterinary medicine.
2. Regarding a dog undergoing an exploratory celiotomy under general anaesthesia:
a) Describe a sound approach to the management of hypotension. (14 marks)
b) Describe the abnormalities that would raise suspicion of a diagnosis of malignant
hyperthermia. (3 marks)
c) Describe the treatment of a dog with suspected malignant hyperthermia.
(7 marks)
Continued over page
Veterinary Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Paper 1 Page 4 of 5
3. Answer both parts of this question:
a) Describe the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy. (14 marks)
b) Discuss medical management of a dog with hepatic encephalopathy.
(10 marks)
4. Answer all parts of this question:
a) Describe the complement cascade and its role in inflammatory and immune
responses. (12 marks)
b) Describe the immunologic mechanisms of erythrocyte destruction in immune
mediated haemolytic anaemia, differentiating intravascular vs. extravascular
hemolysis. (12 marks)
5. Answer all parts of this question:
a) Describe the current state of knowledge regarding the syndrome of delayed postoperative
bleeding in retired racing greyhounds. (7 marks)
b) Explain an evidence based pharmacologic approach to treatment of the syndrome
of delayed post-operative bleeding in retired racing greyhounds in Australia.
(8 marks)
c) List and describe, with explanations of purported etiology, the unique features of
greyhound dogs compared to other dog breeds that an emergency and critical
care specialist should be aware of. Do not include discussion of the syndrome of
delayed post-operative bleeding in this section of your answer. (9 marks)

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