Description
Please see the attached instructions and drafted paper. The paper can be totally revised. At least one source must be local. This is a proposal on how to solve the problem of the coyotes in this specific community. Coyotes in The Woodlands, Texas
Executive summary
Native wildlife animals are being seen more frequently out of their natural habitat due to urban
sprawl. This is one of the most significant problems across U.S. cities as developments are
encroaching on their territory. One challenge, of course, is the consideration that urban areas are
usually squeezed due to their population and therefore posing a great danger to the community.
One such area is The Woodlands, Texas – a community outside of Houston. The metropolitan
area is surrounded by forests and parks, which is a natural environment that poses a danger to the
developed community. These forest and grasslands are habitats to the coyotes, a wild carnivores.
Their population has dramatically increased, and hence they have shifted their habitats to the
metropolitan area and the community posing a wild-human conflict (Haverland, Matthew and
Joseph pg. 221-230). Coyotes do not pose a significant danger to the people in the community as
they fear humans however, small domestic animals might make a nice meal. There have been
rare cases of attacks by coyotes on humans. Naturally, coyotes are opportunistic scavengers.
They feed on rodents and small prey. One funny thing about them is that they don’t even feed on
trash. This, therefore, poses natural conflicts among the biological organisms existing in that
ecosystem, with the humans and pets the main conflicted (Farrar, Randy).
Thesis problem statement; Coyotes bring about natural conflicts and therefore require
management.
Support for the problem statement
Conflicts between coyotes and human beings
Attacks of coyote on people is one of the rare cases in The Woodlands, however, when it occurs,
it is usually lethal. Most of these attacks are seen to happen mostly on children who are young
and physically weak to defend themselves. Statistics show that there have been 367 cases of
attacks by coyotes from 1977 to 2015. This accounts for at least ten victims every year, on
average. This is indeed a significant number considering that 40% of this number are children
below ten years whose cases then become fatal. However, despite the attacks seeming rare, there
is one concern that tends to develop. Humans tend to expand their living areas through moving
towards the natural areas, whereas the coyote increase in their range. This continues to increase
the exposure of humans and predators. As this contact increases, the predators tend to
biologically change their behavior and opt for human flesh as one of their prey. With time
humans in metropolitan areas will be in great danger.
Sighting
This involves the perception of coyotes. Two arguments tend to be formed. One view is that the
presence of the coyotes as essential for wildlife culture ignoring the dangers that come along; the
circle of life. Two, the sight of a coyote, with similar features of a wolf, creates fear among
most.
The major concern
Although Coyotes are not prone to attacking human beings, the problem comes on through their
genetical relations with dogs which makes it vulnerable to the rabies disease. The danger
associated with this is that it is highly transmittable to other species. Thinking from this
perspective poses a threat to human beings when one of the coyotes gets infected. As many
common species as there are prone to rabies, the coyote will seem to be more lethal and
aggressive.
Conflicts with pets
Apart from human beings, coyotes will have conflicts with other animals, especially
domesticated pets. This includes dogs and cats. Coyotes move to the urban areas, seeking prey,
since their natural habitat has been destroyed. Another source of prey will come from rats and
mice which are populous in urban city areas. Cats, with one of their main prey being rats, creates
a natural competition between the two spices. The coyotes being the strongest, will tend to
eliminate cats for the mutual benefit. Moreover, coyotes have been seen to be predators of feral
cats. This was evidenced by scientifical research done on the stool of the coyotes, which shows
the existence of the domestic cat. The other conflict involves an attack on dogs. This has
occurred mainly of puppies or on big dogs who tend to explore its den.
Solution
In identifying the solution, we must first look at the specific problems that are responsible for the
main problem. One of these is the habituation of the coyotes. This means that the coyotes have
lost the fear of humans. They become more aggressive, mainly because they are in search of
food.
Additionally, the existence of prey, especially rats and cats attracts the coyotes to the area.
Lastly, the increased number of coyotes in The Woodlands has increased the level of competition
for prey and causing an increased presence.
Considering these specific problems, the solution has to be in managing them. We must
ensure that the proximity of residents and the coyotes is reduced, ensuring that the number of
coyotes in The Woodlands is controlled. With the aggressiveness of the coyote’s, people need to
be educated on to keep them at bay. Finally, there is a need to reduce the unnecessary prey such
as feral cats; however, this acts as a counterargument.
Reducing the proximity of people and the coyotes
Land development in wildlife habitats is the main reason for the increased proximity for people
and wild animals. There is need to highlight these wildlife areas and make them illegal for land
development. The Department of Natural Recourses Wildlife division should ensure that there is
proper management and protection of these habitats. This can even be done through electric
fencing of these habitats.
Reduction of the coyote population
The increased number of coyotes in the parks and forests surrounding the metropolitan area
poses the greatest danger to them, bringing in natural conflicts. This is because of the
competition for resources in the habitats (Poessel, Sharon, Eric Gese, and Julie pg. 259-269).
These resources include prey and space. These two resources will lead the coyotes to the urban
communities. In reducing this, there is a need for wildlife harvesting by the wildlife service. This
will ensure the elimination of some of the coyotes, especially the older ones. This elimination
will be done by also considering the amount of prey available in The Woodlands. This will assist
in determining the number of coyotes to be eliminated.
How to handle the coyotes
In managing the presence of coyotes, there are specific ways in which one ought to behave and
respect to reduce possible harm or even encouraging their presence. One of these ways of
preventing injury is to ensure that one does not run away from the coyotes but should seem to
throw away something on it as they naturally fear humans. Another way is ensuring that if a
coyote is noted, one should not hesitate to report that to the wildlife response service.
Reduce prey presence in the metropolitan area
Availability of prey and the reduction of the same in the natural habitats is one of the main
reasons for coyotes shifting to the urban communities. However, this can be reduced by ensuring
no intentional or non-intentional feeding of the coyotes. This might be done by providing proper
dumping of food waste products that will reduce the number of prey such as rats.
Counter arguments for the solution
The main counterargument is on the observation of the wildlife laws while finding the solution to
the conflicts. While practicing the above resolutions, there is a need to understand that wildlife is
protected by statute despite being harmful to the people. In Texas, several laws are put in place
to protect wildlife. For instance, no one is allowed to relocate wildlife unless one has been
licensed. Moreover, most of the animals are protected by federal law, especially the endangered
species such as the coyotes.
Another counter solution is on the reduction of direct or indirect feeding of the coyotes. The
reason is that the animals might change behavior and target humans as prey.
Methodology
A field study data collection method.
There is a need to collect data that will be essential in identifying the problem’s scope and the
appropriate solution. The crucial first step is the collection of data. A primary source of data will
be applied to ensure firsthand information. Since the research involves a wild animal movement,
there is a need to identify the animals’ activity patterns. This can be done through the variable
pulse radio collars. The sensitivity of the collars will help determine the presence and activity of
the coyotes in the field.
Moreover, coyote’s stool’s collection and evaluation in the field is an essential source of data.
This will help identify the coyotes’ feeding habits and enable understanding of their targeted
prey. One of the findings in previous research showed feral cats’ prey in the coyote’s stool.
In identifying the level of competition in the natural habitats, we recognize the coyotes’
population and that of the main prey in those habitats, done through the mark-recapture method.
Conclusion
In summary, there is a challenge in The Woodlands, Texas metropolitan area, with the increased
proximity between humans and coyotes. This has posed a natural conflict between the coyotes,
humans and pets. The study explains the problem statement by describing the two main natural
conflicts existing. This shows the possible risk being brought about by the “urbanization” of the
coyotes. One risk is the possible diseases that might be caused by coyotes, especially rabies.
Moreover, the killing of pets for prey as well as reducing competition poses another danger.
Therefore, there is a need to identify a solution to the problem. This will involve identifying the
specific issues and finding a solution; hence a solution for the main concern will be determined.
Some of the identified particular problems include, competition for resources in The Woodlands,
land development in the wildlife areas, overpopulation of the coyotes and the availability of prey.
This has assisted in finding the solutions to the problems which involves; protection of the
wildlife areas, population control of the coyotes, identification of the right ways to handle
coyotes and minimizing of food disposal.
Moreover, while implementing these solutions, there is a need to learn and understand the law on
wildlife to ensure that any action done does not violate wildlife statues. Finally, the research will
adopt a primary source of data methodology, identifying the movement and activities of the
coyotes, the population of the coyotes as well as their feeding habits.
Works cited
Farrar, Randy O. “Assessing the impact of urban coyote on people and pets in Austin, Travis
County, Texas.” Wildlife Damage Management Conferences–Proceedings. 2007.
Haverland, Matthew B., and Joseph A. Veech. “Examining the occurrence of mammal species in
natural areas within a rapidly urbanizing region of Texas, USA.” Landscape and Urban
Planning 157 (2017): 221-230.
Poessel, Sharon A., Eric M. Gese, and Julie K. Young. “Environmental factors influencing the
occurrence of coyotes and conflicts in urban areas.” Landscape and Urban Planning 157
(2017): 259-269.
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