DJT1: Annotated Bibliography

DJT1: Annotated Bibliography

<Task2>

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Annotated Bibliography Template

Name:

Student ID#:

Thesis Statement: The Salton Sea in California and its surround land are ideal as natural carbon traps and should be recognized and protected as such, because protecting the water of the sea from evaporation would sequester carbon and improve the climate, and also improving the health, and safety of its residents.

Annotated Bibliography: Please follow this template for each of your 8–10 annotations

Reference Citation (APA style required) 1	The Salton Sea restoration project suggestion (October 1999). Source: San Diego State University (SDSU). Retrieved from http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/Salton%20Sea%20Description.html
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	The source contains a comprehensive history of the Salton sea compiled by the university. It covers the governing authorities, restoration projects, and economic impacts from the late 80’s to the turn of the century. The source has additional research information that was funded by the state of California over the past 100 years. The source is a credible location for information regarding soil water and air conditions in and around the sea.
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	Sand Diego State University is an accredited State education entity that was founded in 1897 and has over 400k alumni. In 2017 it had 36k students registered. The university offers 195 degree programs and is certified by the state of California.
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	The university is less than 100 miles from the Salton sea. The Campus faculty and students with the assistance of private and state grants, contracted research and projects, operated and participated in numerous studies around the Salton Sea area, and on and in the sea water. These sanctioned projects and studies by the state cover Air Water and Soil conditions of the area. The data contains accurate water content at levels in the parts per billion. It includes dissolved elements in the water one of which is carbon. Data from these archives established the baseline for carbon storage in the sea. This supports the thesis that carbon can be sequestered in the Salton sea and how much carbon.

Reference Citation (APA style required) 2	The Salton Sea Transboundary Watershed report (September 2000). Source : California Environmental Protection Agency . Retrieved from: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/coloradoriver/water_issues/programs/wmi/docs/saltonsea_watershed_staff_report.pdf
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	Describes the water quality issues in the Salton Sea and the Transboundary Watershed boundaries that include tribes, nations, counties, water districts, joint-powers authorities, and local, state, and federal agencies. The watershed is located in the Sonoran desert region southeastern corner of California. The reports contain credible details of life on the surface of the sea and around the sea shores. (page 4) It supports SDSU historical facts and adds further data points to water content and its evolving conditions. (P 4- 5) It covers river restoration projects created to clean the head in waters in the Sea that are in compliance of the Federal clean water Act
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	The data is sourced and approved by California Environmental Protection Agency and the Regional Water Quality Control Board which is a government source.
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	The CEPA and the RWQCB both control aspects of the Transboundary watershed of the lower Colorado basin. The Salton Sea is the terminal lake that sits and bottom of that basin -265 feet below sea level. The sea water condition and the contents are under these authorities and organizations. To register the Salton Sea as a carbon sequestration point would require their support since it would impact the levels and condition of the water that would be needed. The Data collected by these organizations further supports the volume and quality of water entering the sea. This further supports the volume of sequestered carbon.

Reference Citation (APA style required) 3	An effect use of open water; Floating Amsterdam (2012) Source :Vitruvius September 2012 Retrieved from http://www.vitruvius.com.br/revistas/read/projetos/12.141/4462/en
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	The information and data shows an effective modern use of a fluctuating body of water. It demonstrates that there is an economic opportunity and ecological value to add surface cover over the water. This cover does reduce carbon emission from surface evaporation. The longevity and counting expansion indicate that the long term concerns of using surface water have been overcome.
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	Projetos | Projects, is the source of the data that is shared by monthly journal available on internet through Vitruvius, a webpage specialized in architecture and urbanism of Romano Guerra Publishers. The Projetos magazine is associated with ARLA – Asociación de Revistas Latinoamericanas de Arquitectura. This site is an internet based publishing company in Romano Guerra established in 2000. The chief editors in charge: Abilio Guerra, Flavio Coddou, Marcio Cotrim e Silvana Romano Santos. Vitruvius Online Reviews are cited and referenced by numerous other sources around the world since 2000. The reviews are owned by The Entrevista magazine which is associated with ARLA – Asociación de Revistas Latinoamericanas de Arquitectura.
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	This data collected from the project justifies the use of surface water as functional place to build, live and by default sequester carbon by reducing evaporation. Using the surface water to float functional island or generate solar power has shown it to be an effect way to reduce surface water evaporation. This water cover reduces the need for refilling lakes. The islands provide a financial way to monetize the sequestration of carbon by funding islands that reduce evaporation, restore habitat and vegetation for further sequestration of carbon. The Improvements of the land and water conditions has improved the quality of life for the resident, the water conditions have improved water life further increasing carbon sequestration.

Reference Citation (APA style required) 4	Restoring the Frasier River valley (2016) Source: Nonprofit organization government funded retrieved from http://www.b-e-f.org/project-portfolio/fraser-river/
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	The project covers the afforestation and restoration of large section land that parallels the Colorado river. Its success demands its program be replicated wherever possible. The project calculates the value of carbon sequestration to the environment. The improved soil has retained more moisture, generating more local active weather, morning fogs and restored life to the forested valley. The combination of trees and water has increase the total carbon value of the project.
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	PROJECT PARTNER: Colorado Water Trust, Colorado Water Conservation Board, and Winter Park Ranch Water and Sanitation District, are both organizations that have a long history dating back to the late 1800. START UP DATE: 2013
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	Carbon sequestration in natural form is well understood. The Colorado Water Trust and the Colorado Water Conservation projects lend further evidence to the positive value made to the climate and the natural environment with carbon projects.

Reference Citation (APA style required) 5	Explaining carbon sequestration Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-carbon-sequestration?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products government source
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	The source covers Carbon sequestration and Carbon dioxide which is the most commonly produced greenhouse gas. It describes the methods used to identify the element, the primary sources of the element, and the methods nature uses to balance its levels in air, water, soil and vegetation. The source provides credible fact and evidence of climate change and its impact on the globe.
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	The USGS was created by an act of Congress in 1879. It is the sole science agency for the Department of the Interior. The agency is sort out by thousands of partners and customers for its natural science expertise and its vast earth and biological data holdings. The agency core competency is to provide science about the natural hazards that threaten lives and livelihoods, the water, energy, minerals, and other natural resources people rely on. In Addition it is tasked with reporting the health of our ecosystems and environment, and the impacts of climate and land-use change.
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	Understanding of the basic element and how it’s generated, both natural and manmade, is required to understand how to manage it effectively. These sources identify the element and its cause. Further data studies show the health impacts are very real, but are also very manageable. The data from these sources supports the need to address the health and safety of highly exposed local residents. It further support the need to utilize the large sea as a carbon sequestration trap.

Reference Citation (APA style required) 6	Capture and secure carbon Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) January 2017 Government source https://archive.epa.gov/epa/climatechange/carbon-dioxide-capture-and-sequestration-overview.html
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	The EPA archives are a reliable source of global carbon dioxide data. The source covers the basic structure of carbon dioxide and the capture and sequestration process. The papers found on this site discuss how Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration (CCS) could play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The source goes into detail about the tradition storage method of injecting gas in caves or underground tunnels. Their conclusions from data studied shows that Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration (CCS) can significantly reduce emissions.
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	The mission of EPA is to protect human health and the environment of the US. It’s the primary source of federal environmental policies that are replicated all over the world. Its archive data sources are extensive and are aggregated from both its internal sources and certified external sources. This is a government source
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	In order to understand the scope of the issue large data sets would have to be reviewed. Alternatively the EA has already assed established values and threshold for carbon in the environment. The same agency has expended time effort and money to provide the best of breed practices for carbon sequestration. The EPA is the most respected environmental agency in the world; they provide the accepted models for carbon levels associated with health and safety. The report further validates the theory that the Salton sea is an Ideal carbon trap.

Reference Citation (APA style required) 7	Global Temperature changes across the US Source: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) August 2016 https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-and-global-temperature
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	The EPA comprehensive climate data shows the US and global temperatures around the world. The government agency use NOAA certified data to generate report that supports the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG). The data shows the need for fast action to reduce global warming caused by carbon dioxide in the air. The EPA site also explains the importance of carbon dioxide in the air and how concentrations can increase heat or create cold spots by deflecting heat.
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	The mission of EPA is to protect human health and the environment of the US. It’s the primary source of federal environmental policies that are replicated all over the world. Its data sources are aggregated from both its internal sources and certified sources. Government source
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	This data source supports carbon sequestration as an effective GHG tool. The source reports on the global effects of carbon on the plant The data supports and encourages a rapid change in energy production that has a reduction in GHG. This data set supports the thesis to sequester carbon where ever possible. The data shows that all sequestration sources are important and lends support to the total carbon tons sequestered in both its water and bio mass.

Reference Citation (APA style required) 8	The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment” Source: U.S. Global Change Research Program https://health2016.globalchange.gov/
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	Global Impact on human health organization
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) was established by Presidential Initiative in 1989 and mandated by Congress in the Global Change Research Act (GCRA) of 1990 to “assist the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change.” it produces findings from over 13 Federal Agencies that conduct or use global research.
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	Carbon dioxide is a planet killer and it would make the environment even more hostile to human life. Research from USGCRP shows that the more carbon is sequestered the better the environment and more stable and predictable the planets’ weather becomes. The data shows the climate health and human health are symbiotic and very connected. The research shows the as GHG increase health and safety are impacted, more deaths, and more birth defects are reported. The Data is a great improvement over the last decade, but it shows the need to move more urgently and sequester or reduce the carbon foot print in order to survive.

(Optional)

Reference Citation (APA style required) 9	The connection between climate and health Source: California Department of Public Health March 2018 https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OHE/Pages/CCHEP.aspx
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	Local impact on City health is a new mandate developed by the state of California. The data generated by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) maps health effects across local statewide locations. The information collaborates the health effect of atmospheric gases on health and safety of those exposed to GHG.
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	California Department of Public Health (CDPH) works to protect the public’s health in the Golden State and helps shape positive health outcomes for individuals, families and communities. The Department’s programs and services, implemented in collaboration with local health departments and State, Federal and private partners, touch the lives of every Californian and visitor to the state 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The department sources its data from accredited Federal and State agencies. The leadership developed the Climate Change and Health Equity Program (CCHEP)
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	The Climate Change and Health Equity Program data shows significant impact of GHG in disenfranchised cities. The data supports the theory that GHG does impact human health where there are concentrations. The data and findings support the theory that carbon sequestration will reduce the amount of GHG that will collect and concentrate in local areas, so it’s important for the health and safety of local neighborhoods that sea be used as a carbon sink.

(Optional)

Reference Citation (APA style required) 10	US Bureau of Reclamation report on the Salton sea (2015) Government agency Source : https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/saltnsea/finalreport/index.html
Summary: create a logical summary of the information presented in the source	A report on the expect effects of the sea death modeled on the computer using real data. This report used models that show how the region is impacted by the drying sea
Credibility: create a logical analysis of the credibility of the source’s author (if no author listed, evaluate the credibility of the publication)	US Bureau of Reclamation is responsible for the interior waters and lands of the US and is an accredited arm of the federal government. Data from these ageneses are collected using federal mandated standards found the 40 CFR sections 58 of the US federal regulations and standards. These standards require that data collected is accurate and verifiable.
Relevance: analyze the relevance of each source to your chosen topic	Sea size, water quantities and quality data is source from this agencies data files. This information used to calculate the metric tons of carbon current sequestered in the ocean. The Math model shows that 1,728,5985.8 metric tons of total carbon is currently sequestered in the ocean.

Table 1

Task 2

Salton Sequestration project (SSP)

Statement:

The Salton Sea in California and its surround land are ideal as natural carbon traps and should be recognized and protected as such, because protecting the water of the sea from evaporation would sequester carbon and improve the climate, and also improving the health, and safety of its residents.

Preface:

Identification of the Salton Sea as a carbon sequestration credit 5 does not entitle it to benefit from carbon credits. To accomplish this theory and maintain sequestration of carbon in the sea, the sea must be registered as a carbon asset. This is accomplished by creating a sequestration project with the carbon sequestration project6. This project will be called The Salton Sequestration project (SSP).

Acronyms

HFC	Hydrofluorocarbon primary source mobile air-condition units and a very powerful Green House Gas
GHG	Green House Gas, a term used to describe a group of pollution types associated with global warming. This group is comprised of methane, Ozone/03, VOC, HFC, SO2, S0 and a few more and largest contributor of all is C02.
EPA	Environmental protection agency, this is a government agency responsible for the safety of US water and air resources.
MAF	Million Acre feet. This is the term used to describe large quantities of water. One acre feet is 0.28 million gallons. 1 million acre feet will be 280,025.9 million gallons
NAAQS	National Ambient Air Quality Standards, these are the summarized standards of measure used by the nation to benchmark exposure. These are also known as Criteria Air Pollutants
TCO2e	Total CO2 ton per year
SDSU
SSP	Salton Sequestration project
USGS	The United States Geological Survey is one scientific agency of the United States government.
O3	Also known as Ozone3 is yet another player in the GHG soup of gases, Ozone is created from Voc and other uncombusted fuels s in the air. This conversion happens by sunlight and other organic molecules that hitch rides on pollution particles in the air

Introduction

The Salton Sea existence has been maintained primarily by agricultural return flows from the Imperial, Coachella, and Mexicali Valleys. The Salton Sea is a Transboundary Watershed; it is the Region’s Priority Watershed. The watershed is located in the Sonoran desert region in the southeastern corner of California, encompasses one-third of the Colorado River Basin Region (about 8,360 square miles), and contains five (out of a total of six) of the Region’s 303(d) Listed impaired surface water bodies for the local industry [1]. In 1924 and 1928, President Warren G. Harding, and then President Coolidge executed Public Water Reserve Order Numbers 90 and 114, respectively, for withdrawal of 123,360 acres of public land lying at an elevation of 220 feet below MSL, in and surrounding the Salton Sea. These lands were designated as a repository to receive and store agricultural, surface, and subsurface drainage waters. The State of California designated the Sea for this same purpose in 1968 [1, 2]. In 2015 the Salton Sea contained 1,728,595.8 metric tons of sequestered CO2 (total C02). See table, sourced from USGS national water information systems for the Salton Sea.

Goal

The SSP project will address the effective use of natural and manmade sinks where water preservation, dust, CO2, sequestering and reducing all other GHG emissions is the goal [3].

The goal of the project is to cover up to 100 thousand acres of a 236,800-acre open body of water with functional floating islands [4]. Some islands will target water treatment, new vegetation as well as energy generation; both types will prevent surface water evaporation and the releasing of sequestered carbon.

Benefits

This project has both short term and long-term benefits. The long-term benefits are the reduction of NAAQS violations which impact the local and regional public health [7]. The Project will further reduce long-term critical pollutants from local air [9], reducing hospitalizations associated with respiratory issues [8]. The project will increase local and regional land values. The long-term improvement of the water will revive the fish and wildlife gaming and license revenue. The Project short term will be major factor in the boost of tourism. The additional long-term effects of the project will be on microclimates with an expected reduction of extreme temperatures, growth in conserved habitat for migratory birds, endangered and threatened species [10].

The positive environmental impact of the project falls under two categories habitat restoration and water quality improvement. Studies performed by SDSU show the increase in habitat improves local and migrating bird survivability [1, 2], the increased vegetation removes nutrients, sequesters salt and other toxins improving water quality ensuring a safer food supply for local and migrating birds. The increase in water surface cover reduces surface water evaporation enabling the lake to reach aqua equilibrium with its 8100 square mile drainage basin. The result is a controllable terraformed region.

The Carbon Project

The project activity starts by creating interlinked functional floating islands that cover the water surface of the Salton Sea. These islands will create a lattice frame containing planting areas for tolerant plants for the region. The planted island will have smaller sections or platforms for support equipment. Some Islands can be configured as open spaces for specific bird type, or used as a mixed habitat to support multiple compatible colonies .

In all cases these Islands will support equipment that uses solar power for service functions such as lights, communications, and water aeration pumps.

Larger, more human service, functional islands can generate more power for computer farms, tourism business, and water desalination from the local geo thermal heat and by floating solar power plant arrays that cover more surface area and further reduce the evaporation. The larger floating solar station can be supported with clean hydro storage or liquid air for power normalization and solar down times.

The islands physical surfaces size and their ability to recycle surface evaporation [3] will reduce over 500,000-acre ft of annual water surface evaporation. After maturity the plant life grown in the lattice on the islands will naturally absorb nutrients from the water, Some plant types such as mangroves can actually sequesters salt in the bark, while still being a good source to sequesters CO2 in its vegetation.

The Island size and location on the surface, along with the vegetation will further capture the morning fog that happens most mornings across its surface, this is a source of pure salt free water that will further improve water quality around the island and expand over time to cover a large region of fresher water that will hold more bio life and further carbon storage.

The additional vegetation will naturally improve air quality and capture additional C02 in the water biomass further more each island reduces CO2 emissions due to evaporation of the Sea. The project will also develop tree farms on Islands and public lands in one acre parcels each sequestering 50.8 additional metric tons of CO2 or 186 TCO2e per year.

Manage crisis

The goal of the project is to change the industry practice; which in this the area is to allow 1.3-1.5 million acre feet to evaporate each year [1, 2, and 10]; this large scale evaporation contributes to the total GHG emissions [7] from the state due to the sequestered storage size, its daily sequestration mechanism. The project will mitigate the surface evaporation using practiced methods that have science and experience to ensure a successful generational project [4]. These project examples [4] have shown that they are effective at reducing surface evaporations through the islands mechanical effect, but also effective in local water improvement through its root vegetation. In the mean time both the exposed and covered water surface and the entire bio mass in the sea continues to capture and sequester carbon.

The SSP project will negate the requirement for the local industry to change any practice other than the type of management, rather than manage and over see crisis and death, they can manage growth.

Project Features

The primary source of the sink is the existing 370 sq mile main body of water and the biomass 1,728,595.8 TCO2e contained in the water. Table 1 shows total C02 content, water amount and other details sourced from the USGA. The table shows the amount of total tons of carbon at risk in the waters of the sea. SSP plan to generate new plants on floating islands structures creates opportunities to clean up the water, the shore line area and even the sediment on the bottom, take the contaminated byproducts found in water and sediment and encase them into floating functional island that help maintain the growth and safety of the sea. By cleaning the water the economical area will improve, this influx will further generate more bio mass sequestration in the area.

The Salt content of the sea is quite high due to soil leaching practices and the sheer length of the Colorado River that terminates at the sink. This river along with two others, the white and the Alamo River from Mexico, dump large quantities if salt into the sea each year. This salt can be once extracted can be used for ground or other structure on a floating island.

The soil used for planting on the islands can be source from bio char from local farms or from cleaned sediment taken from the bottom of the sea. Empirical data show that trees do create their own climate, and this rule follows for small forest. Water capture by leaves and soil during evaporation cycles and used on these islands to water plants will eventually filter through the island growth and return to the Salton sea as clean salt free water.

Water retention due to mitigated of evaporation will sequester and capture new GHG and maintain sequestered CO2 in and on 6 MAF of water.

Advantages

The estimated amount of CO2 emissions reduced by each 1 acre project is projected to be 7.92 tons per year.

Identifying the Salton Sea as a carbon credit source will enable the California state to meet Part 2 of Division 26 of the Health and Safety Code, relating to greenhouse gases. “The state board is required to adopt a statewide greenhouse gas emissions limit equivalent to the statewide greenhouse gas emissions level in 1990 to be achieved by 2020 and to adopt rules and regulations in an open public process to achieve the maximum, technologically feasible, and cost-effective greenhouse gas emissions reductions.” This will also contribute to the Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative 2.0. The State has also committed to GHG reductions in various senate and house bills such as California Senate Bill 375; this bill recognizes the detrimental effects of air pollution on the community and commits funding to address this; California Senate Bill 535 recognizes that pollution travels and concentrates far from the source and these concentrations show health effects that are real. Both of the bills target money and dates to reduce and sequester carbon, the SSP project would move the state closer to its GHG reduction goal with a project that has sustainability, and has numerous other benefits to the health and safety of the local citizens.

Salton Sea Water Sample (2009)

Seawater feed 1,4

MW (g/mole)% HCO

3

by weight

% C by weight

On site lab TDS (mg/liter)52,155

Analytical lab TDS (mg/liter)49,100

Bicarbonate (mg/Liter) carbonate was minimal217.0162.10.44%0.09%

Salton Sea Water (2015)

USBR TDS (mg/liter)57,000

Assuming same HCO

3

concentration217.0162.10.44%0.09%

Non biomass carbon content of Salton Sea water0.049589412g/liter

Non biomass CO

2

equivalent in Salton Sea water0.181698479g/liter

Current elevation of Salton Sea (5 March 2016)-233.9feet MSLUSGS National Water Information System Salton Sea data

Volume of Salton Sea at current elevation6,059,059acre-feetFrom Salton Sea Accounting Model (USBR)

Volume of Salton Sea at current elevation7,473,784,071,743litersUnit conversion

Surface Area of Salton Sea at current elevation219,861acresFrom Salton Sea Accounting Model (USBR)

Salton Sea annual evaporation rate68inches/yrFrom Salton Sea Accounting Model and original study

Salton Sea annual evaporation rate5.67feet/yrUnit conversion

Evaporation loss from Salton Sea at current elevation1,245,879acre-feet/yrThis rate will diminish as surface area decreases and as salinity rises

Evaporation loss from Salton Sea at current elevation1,536,778,338,933liters/yrUnit conversion

Oct 2014 elevation of Salton Sea-233.9feet MSLUSGS National Water Information System Salton Sea data

Volume of Salton Sea6,059,059acre-feetFrom Salton Sea Accounting Model (USBR)

Volume of Salton Sea7,473,784,071,743litersUnit conversion

Surface Area of Salton Sea219,861acresFrom Salton Sea Accounting Model (USBR)

Sep 2015 elevation of Salton Sea-234.6feet MSLUSGS National Water Information System Salton Sea data

Volume of Salton Sea5,905,714acre-feetFrom Salton Sea Accounting Model (USBR)

Volume of Salton Sea7,284,634,664,470litersUnit conversion

Surface Area of Salton Sea218,238acresFrom Salton Sea Accounting Model (USBR)

2014 – 2015 Salton Sea volume loss153,345acre-feet

2014 – 2015 Salton Sea volume loss189,149,407,273liters

2014 – 2015 Salton Sea surface area loss1,623acres

Total non biomass carbon content in Salton Sea water370,620.6metric tons

Total non biomass CO

2

equivalent in Salton Sea water1,357,975.2metric tons

Total non biomass carbon release from Salton Sea water9,379.8metric tons

Total non biomass CO

2

equivalent release from Salton Sea water34,368.2metric tons

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