For our paper, I’d like you to think aboutand then write abouta moment in which an individual is faced with what William James would call a “genuine option” in regards to a moral decision. So, just for a moment, let’s recall what James meant by “hypotheses” and “options”:
A hypothesis is a proposition, or idea, that’s presented to us as a possible belief. A live hypothesis is a proposition which it is, in fact, possible for us to believe, whereas a dead hypothesis is a proposition which it’s impossible for us to believe.
An option is a decision between two hypotheses. A live option is a decision between two live hypotheses; a dead option is a decision between two options at least one of which is dead. A forced option is a decision between two options which we can’t avoid making; an avoidable option is a decision between two options which we can avoid making. A momentous option is an irrevocable option for significant stakes; a trivial option is an option which is not irrevocable or for significant stakes. And finally, and most importantly of all, a genuine option is an option which is simultaneously living, forced, and momentous.
So what I’d like you to do is analyze a situation in which a personand that can be a fictional character or a real person (think Raskolnikov from Crime and Punishment as he ponders whether he should murder a nasty old lady for her money and help himself and his family out of horrible financial distress!) or it can be based upon your own experience.
What you will need to do first of all is examine the type of option that is available to the character (real or fictional)in other words, is it a “genuine option” or not? Make sure that you feel that an argument can be made that the person is making a “genuine option”even if you think others might argue against that! (That’s all part of the point.) Then think about why it’s a genuine option. And, finally, think about the basis of the decision that is made concerning that optionin other words, is the character applying deontological ethics, or a determinist/materialist belief, an existential one, a utilitarian one, or a divine-command decision? Be sure to refer to at least one ethical philosopher in detail to support your analysis. And that philosopher should be in addition to any discussion you have of William James as well.
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