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You will need the following book: Sociological Footprints: Introductory Readings in Sociology by Leonard Cargan, Jeanne H. Ballantine ISBN-13: 978-0-495-60128-9 Socialization In this topic, we will focus on two main concepts : SOCIALIZATION and RESOCIALIZATION. Before we begin the topic of socialization, I want you to think back for a little bit about what you have learned in the last chapter on culture. You may have realized that culture influences your behavior far more than you ever thought before. But just how much? How much of us is really innate, hardwired, instinctual, and just how much is learned? Where do we draw the line between us and our own individual decisions, and the culture that taught us everything we needed to arrive at those decisions? In the last chapter you realized that the space between people we feel comfortable with has less to do with our own preferences, and a lot more to do with our culture. It is something that is learned, not innate. But we have a tendency to feel that, since our conviction about how much distance is required between us to feel comfortable is so strong, it must be natural. It isn’t natural, it is acquired! Only you learned that so long ago that you’ve forgotten that you had learned it. It is only a second nature to you! Kind of like driving a car. Surely you weren’t born knowing how to drive, but it just feels so natural you don’t even have to think about it. Think about head shaking for example. A nod means approval, while shaking your head signals disagreement. Try to do it in reverse! Really try it! You will notice that nodding while disagreeing is very difficult to accomplish. Because clearly it is so natural. But is it? Take a look at this short video that might just change your opinion. Watch: Head gestures in Bulgaria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Gipj1caZUg Not so natural after all. Take a look at this: Watch: Indian Head Shake https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etb5Cs_gH4s The first two articles deal with the socialization process, more specifically what happens to people when they have been denied proper socialization. The remaining two readings and the video focus on resocializtion . To get a better understanding of the articles, you whould first understand the concepts. Below (PDF file) is and explanation of the concept of socialization. Read it before you read the first two articles. An explanation of resocializtion follows: Resocialization is a sociological concept dealing with the process of mentally and emotionally “re-training” a person so that he or she can operate in an environment other than that which he or she is accustomed to. Key examples include the process of resocializing new recruits into the military so that they can operate as soldiers (or, in other words, as members of a cohesive unit) and the reverse process, in which those who have become accustomed to such roles return to society after military discharge. Resocialization institutions The goal of total institutions is resocialization – radically altering residents’ personalities through deliberate manipulation of their environment. Resocialization is a two-part process. First, the staff of the institution tries to erode the residents’ identities and independence. Strategies to erode identities include forcing individuals to surrender all personal possessions, get uniform haircuts and wear standardized clothing. Independences is eroded by subjecting residents to humiliating and degrading procedures. Examples are strip searches, fingerprinting and assigning serial numbers or code names to replace the residents’ given names. The second part of resocialization process involves the systematic attempt to build a different personality or self. This is generally done through a system of rewards and punishments. The privilege of being allowed to read a book, watch television or make a phone call can be a powerful motivator for conformity. Conformity occurs when individuals change their behaviour to fit in with the expectations of an authority figure or the expectations of the larger group. No two people respond to resocialization programs in the same manner. While some residents are found to be “rehabilitated”, others might become bitter and hostile. As well, over a long period of time, a strictly controlled environment can destroy a person’s ability to make decisions and live independently. This is known as institutionalization, this negative outcome of total institution prevents an individual from ever functioning effectively in the outside world again. (Sproule, 154-155) Resocialization is also evident in individuals who have never been “socialized” in the first place, or who have not been required to behave socially for an extended period of time. Examples include feral children (never socialized) or inmates who have been in solitary confinement. Socialization is a lifelong process. Adult socialization often includes learning new norms and values that are very different from those associated with the culture in which the person was raised. This process can be voluntary. Currently, joining the military qualifies as an example of voluntary resocialization. The norms and values associated with military life are different from those associated with civilian life. (Riehm, 2000) TO -DO LIST: 1. 1. Reader 5: Final Note on a Case of Extreme Isolation – Davis (In Book) 2. 2. Read PDF file (Attached): The Story of my Life – Helen Keller 3. 3. Reader 19: You Can’t Be a Sweet Cucumber in a Vinegar Barrel – Zimbardo (IN Book) This article pertains directly to the video you will watch next. Please read it carefully, it will help you interpret the video. 4. Watch video: Stanford Prison Experiment ( Link Below) hthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=760lwYmpXbc AnAnswer questions below in order. TOPIC 3 – SOCIALIZATION 7. What is socialization? Explain using an example. Extreme Isolation 8. Based on your reading, why can’t people function as full-fledged human beings without proper socialization? 9. Why was Isabelle able to overcome her absence of initial socialization, but not Anna? The Story of My Life 10. How did Helen Keller learn language? 11. According to her experience, are humans capable of understanding thoughts or emotions without language? You Can’t be a Sweet Cucumber… 12. Using the argument made in the article, try to explain what happened at Abu Ghraib. Draw on the parallel situation in the prison experiment (video).
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