Consider the following abstracts from studies that conducted survey research. After reading those, share your thoughts on what you think the project’s research question was and (2) how the survey was useful in answering the research questions. Specifically, focus on how the survey instrument was part of the design to answer the research question.
1. How are civilian attitudes toward combatants affected by wartime victimization? Are these effects conditional on which combatant inflicted the harm?We investigate the determinants of wartime civilian attitudes towards combatants using a survey experiment across 204 villages in five Pashtundominated provinces of Afghanistanthe heart of the Taliban insurgency. We use endorsement experiments to indirectly elicit truthful answers to sensitive questions about support for different combatants. We demonstrate that civilian attitudes are asymmetric in nature. Harm inflicted by the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) is met with reduced support for ISAF and increased support for the Taliban, but Taliban-inflicted harm does not translate into greater ISAF support. We combine a multistage sampling design with hierarchical modeling to estimate ISAF and Taliban support at the individual, village, and district levels, permitting a more fine-grained analysis of wartime attitudes than previously possible.
Lyall, J. , Blair, G., & Imai, K. (2013). Explaining support for combatants during wartime: A survey experiment in Afghanistan. American Political Science Review, 107(4):679705.
2. The 1969 Vietnam draft lottery assigned numbers to birth dates in order to determine which young men would be called to fight in Vietnam. We exploit this natural experiment to examine how draft vulnerability influenced political attitudes. Data are from the Political Socialization Panel Study, which surveyed high school seniors from the class of 1965 before and after the national draft lottery was instituted. Males holding low lottery numbers became more antiwar, more liberal, and more Democratic in their voting compared to those whose high numbers protected them from the draft. They were also more likely than those with safe numbers to abandon the party identification that they had held as teenagers. Trace effects are found in reinterviews from the 1990s. Draft number effects exceed those for preadult party identification and are not mediated by military service. The results show how profoundly political attitudes can be transformed when public policies directly affect citizens lives.
Erikson, R. S., & Stoker, L. (2011). Caught in the draft: The effects of Vietnam draft lottery status on political attitudes. American Political Science Review, 105(2):117.
3. In accordance with social exchange theory, prominent streams of management research emphasize the importance of reciprocal exchange relationships between organizations and their employees. When employees perceive themselves as supported by the organization, they reciprocate with increased work motivation. However, we do not know how this knowledge can be developed into management initiatives that increase public employees perceived support, because severe endogeneity problems make it difficult to estimate the effect of organizational support on employee commitment outside the laboratory. We use a randomized field experiment involving more than 800 public employees to estimate the effect. We find no average effect of the organizational support treatment on the employees perceived organizational support. Yet, a subgroup analysis shows a positive treatment effect when the employees local front-line managers felt less supported prior to the intervention. We discuss the implications for theory and management practice.
Jakobsen, M., & Andersen, S. C. (2012). Intensifying social exchange relationships in public organizations: Evidence from a randomized field experiments. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 32(1):6082.
4. During March and April 2018, more than 21,000 students participated in a Student Textbook and Course Materials Survey conducted by the Florida Virtual Campuss (FLVC) Office of Distance Learning and Student Services. The survey examined textbook affordability and acquisition at Floridas public higher education institutions. Previous surveys were conducted in 2010, 2012 and 2016. In this survey, students were asked to use their recent personal experiences to provide insight on how the cost of textbooks and course materials impact their education, purchasing behaviors, academic completion and success, the study aids they find most beneficial to their learning, and their use of financial aid to address these costs. The purpose of the 2018 Student Textbook and Course Materials Survey was to identify:
1. The amount of money that Florida’s public college and university students spent on textbooks and course materials during the Fall 2017 and Spring 2018 semester,
2. The frequency with which students buy textbooks that are not used,
3. How students are affected by the cost of textbooks,
4. Which study aids students perceive to be the most beneficial to their learning,
5. Changes in student responses from previous surveys.
All of Floridas higher education institutions participated in the study. The Florida College System (FCS) sent requests for participation and reminder emails to college Chief Academic Officers. The Board of Governors (BOG) sent requests to university Provosts to solicit participation. The requests for participation contained a link to the questionnaire, purpose, and request that the questionnaire be administered between March 1, 2018, and April 30, 2018. Institutions were asked to use their campus communication avenues to direct students to participate in a short survey. The questionnaire included 14 multiplechoice, multipleselect, and constructed response items drawn from the 2016 cost-related questions as well as additional response items that reflected the current legislative status and concerns in Florida. The goals, research questions, and questionnaire items were developed in consultation with the Board of Governors (BOG) of the State University System of Florida and the Florida College System (FCS). The estimated time to complete the questionnaire was 10 minutes. The first few items addressed basic demographics (e.g., degree, institution, area of study). The remainder of the questionnaire addressed money spent on texts, textbook use, academic impact of textbook costs, and perceived value of different study aids. This report is intended to assist FLVC, the Florida Legislature, and higher education institutions in better understanding the significant impact that high textbook and course materials costs have on the states public college and university students. It is also intended to support the development of recommendations, best practices, and legislative changes that result in an effective, statewide approach to textbook and course materials affordability.
Retreived from:
https://dlss.flvc.org/documents/210036/1314923/2018+Student+Textbook+and+Course+Materials+Survey+-+Executive+Summary.pdf/3c0970b0-ea4b-9407-7119-0477f7290a8b
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