Assignment
Stuart is a 72yo male who lives alone since his partner died 2 years ago. He has come to see his GP today as he has had several episodes where he has felt faint, and “may even have passed out on a couple of occasions”. It is some time since Stuart attended the clinic and you note when weighing him that he has lost a significant amount of weight, and he doesn’t present as the robust active older person that you remember. He mentions that he doesn’t cook much and relies on the take-away shop around the corner for most of his food these days.
He explains that he has been very lonely since he lost his partner but is excited to reveal a new zest for life now that he has met a new friend, with whom he recently travelled to Cusco, Peru (3400 m above sea level). While he thoroughly enjoyed the trip, he did mention he found it more difficult than normal to breathe there. His relationship has developed sexually, but he has had some difficulty performing. Stuart thought it was his prostate giving him trouble, but with urging from his new partner he bought some Viagra nasal spray over the internet.
Physical examination:
Urinalysis:
Question 1
A. Describe the changes in volume and pressure that will be occurring in Stuart’s chest cavity to achieve inhalation at rest. Explain why these changes are occurring, and the effect upon airflow
B. Describe the gas exchange occurring between air in Stuart’s alveolar air and pulmonary blood. Would the rate of gas exchange have changed when Stuart was in Cusco at high altitude? Explain your answer.
Question 2
A. Which ANS response would you expect to dominate after Stuart has had a large bowl of pasta for lunch? Explain your answer.
B. Which hormone associated with glucose homeostasis would you expect to be most active during this ANS response? Why? Using your knowledge of glucose homeostasis, explain your answer.
Question 3
A. Describe the role of the kidneys in maintaining fluid balance with reference to the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Is Stuart at risk of not maintaining homeostatic fluid mechanisms? Why/why not?
B. What is a urinalysis and what is its significance for this case? With respect to the glucose component of Stuart’s urinalysis result, and using your knowledge of normal kidney function, would you expect this result? Why/why not?
Question 4
A. Consider Stuart’s blood pressure result and discuss whether the mean arterial pressure is likely to be varied from normal. In your answer you must include reference to a change in vessel diameter with age and briefly mention the consequences of any change in BP upon kidney function.
B. In this circumstance, do you think the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or natriuretic peptides will dominate in the maintenance of Stuart’s blood pressure. Discuss the role of your chosen system in blood pressure homeostasis to explain your answer.
Question 5
A. Stuart is considering knee replacement surgery as a result of his osteoarthritis. If, during the surgery, Stuart suffered a significant haemorrhage and required a blood transfusion, which blood type(s) could be safely administered? Explain the potential consequences if Stuart was administered B- blood.
B. Stuart has been found to have low plasminogen levels. How would this effect the ability of his blood to clot? Explain your answer.
The post Which ANS response would you expect to dominate after Stuart has had a large bowl of pasta for lunch? Explain your answer. appeared first on Homework Aider.
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