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the assignment is to write a Cplex program code to find the optimal conditions to maximum the profit
The Asian Journal of Technology Management Vol. 8 No. 1 (2015): 10-21Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Received: May 13, 2015 ; Revised: June 12, 2015, Accepted: June 25, 2015 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2015.8.1.2 Print ISSN: 1978-6956; Online ISSN: 2089-791X. Copyright@2015. Published by Unit Research and Knowledge School of Business and Management-Institut Teknologi Bandung 10 Dwi Puspita Sari Utami and Filda RahmiatiPresident University, Jln Ki Hajar Dewantara, Cikarang Baru 17550, Bekasi, IndonesiaInternational trading activities especiallyexport and import activity has becomeone of the most important factors tosupport the national growth with all of itsindicators (Hakim, 2012). In the past fewyears, Indonesia economic has grownrapidly while most of the country in theworld struggling in a crisis. The datapublished yearly by Indonesian CentralAgency of Statistics from the year 2002 upto 2012 shown an increased in export andimport values which can be concluded thatIndonesia has increased in its economicgrowth as shown in Figure 1.1. Hence, itaffects the loads in most ports in Indonesia;one of them is Tanjung Priok Sea Portwhich is located in Jakarta greater area.Figure 1.1. Export-Import ValueThe Aggregate Planning For Trucking Operationin Cikarang Dry PortAbstract.Keywords:
IntroductionCikarang Dry Port currently is the only dry port in Indonesia. This Dry Port has a role to connect or extend the SeaPort to the industrial areas located far from Sea Port. Thus, it creates a value added and also reduce costs. One of theoperations done in Cikarang Dry Port is trucking operation. This research aims to examine the planning of 2014 truckingactivity in Cikarang Dry Port to determine the right number of the truck that will be best occupied to manage all demands.The analysis begins with demand forecasting by using a moving average method of 12 months or one year period in 2013 whichwill be used as main information to develop the plans. There are three plans developed in this research. Based on the three plans,Plan A with minimum tru ckin g plan with su bcon tractin g is the most profitable which gives th e highest profitability ofRp. 374,984,625. Recommendation for this research is using the current minimum number of 39 trucks rent withadditional subcontracting when the demand is exceeding the capacity, thus, Cikarang Dry Port can occupy all demands and gainmore profits.Ag regate Planning; Scheduling; Trucking Operation; Moving Average; Cikarang Dry PortUtami and Rahmiati, The Aggregate Planning For Trucking Operation in Cikarang Dry Port11Furthermore, the steeply rising containerflows have resulted in crowded terminals,crowded activity and longer dwell times forcontainers (Roso, 2008). He also stated thatthere is a necessity to open up a new andintegrated dry port to minimize thedwelling time in th e seaport. A dry port isan inland intermodal terminal directlyconnected to seaport(s) with high capacitytransport, mean(s) where customers canleave/pick up their standardized units as ifdirectly to a seaport. Mostly, the exportand import activities in Tanjung Priokcome from Cikarang area. BecauseCikarang is a largest industrial area inSoutheast Asia (Jababeka Press Release,2008), therefore, to support the activities,PT. Jababeka Tbk. creates the one andonly dry port in Indonesia, Cikarang DryPort (CDP).CDP located in Jababeka Industrial Estate,which lies in the heart of the biggestmanufacturing zone of West Java, home ofmore than 2,500 industrial companies, bothMultinational Companies and Small andMedium Enterprises (SMEs). CDP usestrucking or road transportation as the mainoperation. It occurs because Tanjung PriokSea Port does not have train emplacementthat allow the train to take the containersdirectly from the vessels (Sumantri,2013). Therefore, the number of t h etruck will be very significant to theoperation of CDP.One of the main operations in CDP isdelivering the container for export andimport activities from/to customerto/from CDP and from/to CDP to/fromTanjung Priok Sea Port. Truckingoperation in CDP is doing four kinds ofservices which are the shuttle, feeder, trainfreight, and others. According to Nossackand Pesch (2013), the trucking problemhas risen in many port and logisticoperation all over the world. Currently,CDP has rented 30 trucks from the thirdparty logistic providers. 20 trucks from avendor of Iron Bird and 10 trucks are fromPancaran Darat Transport (PDT). Thenumbers of trucks are made with thedemand volume when CDP first operatedin 2010. And today, because of theincreasing export and import activities,CDP needs to adjust the number oftrucking resources to current demandvolume. The following Figure 1.2 showsthe comparison of the demand of truckingoperation and trucking ability in 2013.Mostly in 2013, the trucking ability aregoes under the demand, it means that inthose months, there are some containerswere late.Figure 1.2. Comparison of Trucking Ability and Demand 2013The Asian Journal ofTechnology Management, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2015): 10-21Wh at is the mostefficient and effective scheduling of truckingoperation in CDP for 2014?”2.1. International Trade2.2. Logistic2.3. Dry Port Operation2.4. Container Yard (CY)2.5. Aggregate Production Planning (APP)2.6. Scheduling and Capacity Planning12The data for demand and sales from CDPin the year 2013 was 30,742 while the saleswere 29,917. It shows that there was a gapof 825 containers that could not be takenfrom Tanjung Priok on time. This casebecomes the problem that will be discussedin this study. Based on the problemidentification mentioned, the researchquestion constructed is,According to Seyoum (2009),International trade is the exchange ofgoods and services across nationalboundaries. It is also the first type offoreign business operation undertaken bymost companies because importing orexporting requires the least commitment of,and risk to the company’s resources. Hakim(2012) stated that, International tradethrough export and import operation hasbecome one of the important factors thatcontribute to the national economicgrowth.According to Lu and Su (2002), logisticdeals with the flow and storage of goodsand related information. All the processesof planning, implementing and controllingthe efficient, cost-effective flow andstorage of raw materials, in-processinventory, finished goods, and relationinformation from point-of-origin andpoint-of-consumption are for the purposeof conforming to customer requirements.Developed economies like Europe andNorth America, seaport brought outexisting dry port so as to control the supplychain (Notteboom and Rodrigue, 2005).According to Sumantri (2013), operationsof CDP usually appear in the inland portis shuttle and feeder. The shuttle is theactivity to take out the container from thesea port to the inland port or in otherwords it is inter-port operations. Thisactivity usually supported by either truck ortrain. On the other hand, a feeder is theactivity to bring the container from dry portto consignee’s warehouse or, in otherwords, it is the extension to shuttle activity .According to Suprapto (2013) as a CYManager in CDP, container yard is madeto store the containers that come to theport. This is a basic and fundamentalfacility of every port. Each container thatarrives in the port is put in the CY until theconsignees take them out from the port. Inthe dry port, CY also plays an importantrole in its operation.According to Takey (2006), AggregateProduction Planning (APP) is a middleterm planning concerned with thedetermination of production, inventory,and workforce levels to meet such afluctuating demand requirements over aplanning horizon typically of one year.The goal is to meet the seasonalforecasted product demand in a costeffective manner.The capacity planning problem is closelyrelated to product mix problem, deadlinesetting, order acceptance, anddemand/revenue management problems(Chen, 2009). There are twocircumstances where the capacityadjustment is considered really necessary.The first condition is when the demand isexceeding the capacity, which concludedthat the capacity need to expand if thedemand still wants to be coped. Thesecond condition that might be appear tobe necessary for capacity adjustment iswhen the capacity exceeding the demand.It means that there is a need for a companyto give up some of their resources in orderto minimize the cost.This paper can be classified as appliedresearch since the objective is to solvethe real problem in the organization. Thisresearch tries to solve the problem related“
Review of Literature
MethodologyUtami and Rahmiati, The Aggregate Planning For Trucking Operation in Cikarang Dry Port3.1. Current General Condition3.2. Forecast Future DemandSource: Siegel, et.al. (2006)3.3. Develop Alternative Plans13to the decision-making process. Therefore,is made in order to know what the besttrucking scheduling that CDP has to usefor the next year period of 2014. The firststep is to determine the number of trucksthat will be needed for next year period.The number of trucking should bematched between ability and demand.Therefore, the number of trucks iscalculated based on forecasted demand.The period of the data being used was thedata of sales of CDP for January-December2013.This research used aggregate planningmethod, where it’s concerned withdeterminating the quantity and timing ofproduction for the intermediate future,often from 3 to 18 months (Heizer andRender, 2014). Since this case study is aboutthe transporting goods, therefore, thisresearch is using the transportation method.Transportation method is a method tosolve for the optimal solution to anaggregate planning problem for minimizingcosts, hence maximizing profits. Thismethod is also flexible when it can bespecify regular and overtime production ineach time period, the number of units to besubcontracted, extra shifts, and theinventory carryover from period to period.Not only subcontracting way, other factorsuch as hiring and layoffs are introduced. Inthis case, the method of subcontracting,layoffs and mixed method ofsubcontracting and layoffs will be used toanswer the research question. The bestoption will be chosen as the solution. Thismethod done by following the stepsexplained are as follow.The current general condition is basicinformation to do the capacity planning oftrucking operation in CDP. The cost andrevenue will become a basic and mainconsideration of choosing the mostefficient plan among others. Besides thecost and revenue, the trip per day will alsobecome the consideration to determine theability of a truck. The trip per day showsthe ability of a truck to bring the containerfrom Tanjung Priok sea port to CDP. Thehigher the trip per day means that the truckhas the ability to bring more containers toCDP (Sumantri, 2013).The forecast is the main tools in theaggregate capacity planning. In thisresearch, the object that will be forecastedis the sales in the period of January untilDecember 2013. The forecast method thatthe writer uses for this research is simplemoving average. Moving average is amethod of taking new average every timethe new information is obtained (Siegel, et.al., 2006). Furthermore, Siegel said thatmoving average is one of the effectivemethods to forecast for a middle term orone until three years. The formulation ofthe moving average is defined as follows:Description:n = number of periods in the moving averageD1 = demand in period 1According to Hill and Rich (2010), theproper number of plans that need to bedeveloped was three plans. In this research,the plans will be compared using profit andloss projection and also trucking ability.Plan A: Minimum Trucking Plan withSubcontractingIn this plan the researchers assumethat CDP will only use a minimumnumber of trucks. The number oftrucks calculated based on theminimum numbers of demand in theentire year of 2013. Since this plan Ais using minimum numbers of trucks,therefore, it needs subcontractingwhen the demand is more thanminimum numbers. In this case, thevariable costs will be affected, hence,the fixed costs will be lowest.Plan B: Maximum Trucking Plan byHiring and Layoffs··The Asian Journal ofTechnology Management, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2015): 10-213.4. Choose the Best Alternative4.1. Current General Conditions14In the maximum plan, assumes thatCDP will use the number of trucksbased on the highest possible numberof demand in the entire year of 2013.Since this plan B requires the highestnumber of demand, therefore, itneeds to hire more trucks as well asdrivers. But, when the demand is lowsome trucks are unused and somedrivers need to be layoffs to matchwith the demand. In this case, itaffects the fix cost will be high.Plan C: Average Trucking Plan withIn this plan, assumes that CDP willhave an average number of truckingin the year of 2013. The number oftrucks in this plan got from thecalculation using the ability oftrucking (trip-per-day) and combinedwith the profit consideration.Theaverage number of trucks will createsconstant in fixed costs but vary invariable costs. But, when demand ishigh or low it needs to be adjusted.Either subcontracting or hiring andlayoffs need to be considered.To choose the best alternative among threeplans, the researchers use three projectedprofit and loss from each plan. The planthat gives the highest profit will bechoosen as the best alternative as itconsidered the most effective and efficientplan among others.The first general condition is the rent costof each truck, RP. 20, 0000,000 per truckper month. However, the contract has tobe yearly. Another fix costs are: distance byevery truck, price per trip, and trip moneypercentage will be shown in Table 4.1below:Table 4.1. Fix costs in CDP OperationsTrip Feeder 25 550,000 39Trip Shuttle 120 1,000,000Trip train freight (JababekaZone)25 550,000Trip train freight (Non-JababekaZone)100 1,000,000Trip other (Jababeka Zone) 25 550,000Trip other (Non-Jababeka Zone) 100 1,000,000Note:Shuttle is the activity to take out thecontainer from the sea port to theinland port (inter-port operations)Feeder is the activity to bring thecontainer from dry port toconsignee’s warehouse (extensionto shuttle activity)Train freight is the activity to takethe container from the customer’swarehouse (to be sent by train toanother local region)Other activity is usually a dry porthas to deliver the empty containersfrom their empty depot to the yardin the shipping line who owned thecontainers.The data shown in Table 4.1 aboveassumed that the value of the followingdata will remain the same over years. Tooperates the trucks in every activity(Feeder, Shuttle, and others), CDP alsogive a driver certain amount of moneycalled trip money for all trips for trucksnecessities (gasoline, toll fees, etc) of 39%of price/trip. For example, the feederactivity for trip money is Rp 214,500trip. Additionally, according to Sumantri(2013), in a day one truck could make from1.7 trips per day up to 2.5 trips per day.·····
Data Analysis and ResultNo Variables Distance/truck(KM)Price/trip(Rp.)TripMoney/revenue123456. /Utami and Rahmiati, The Aggregate Planning For Trucking Operation in Cikarang Dry Port4.2. Forecasted Condition15Next general condition is the CDP’sdemand and sales data for the year 2013in order to make the aggregate planningbecause this data will be used as the basicdata for forecasting. In CDP, demandmeans it receives order to bring thecontainer from Tanjung Priok Sea Port toCDP container yard. The data will beshown in Table 4.2 below.Table 4.2. Demand and Sales Data 2013January 720 304 64 48 256 224 1616 1581February 810 342 72 54 288 252 1818 1818March 740 312 66 49 263 230 1661 1661April 941 397 84 63 335 293 2112 1890May 967 408 86 64 344 301 2170 1953June 1295 547 115 86 460 403 2907 2250July 1890 798 168 126 672 588 4242 2604August 1166 492 104 78 415 363 2617 2617September 1964 787 166 124 663 580 4184 2430October 1691 714 150 113 601 526 3795 2139November 823 347 73 55 293 256 1847 1847December 790 334 70 53 281 246 1773 1773Other general conditions that will be needed for this research are explained in the Table 4.3below.Table 4.3. Other General Condition in CDP Trucking Operation 2013Number Of Driver 150% of trucksDriver’s Daily Salary Rp. 125,000 per dayWorking Day 25 days per monthMaintenance Rp. 1,235 per KMHowever, this research will be use twonumbers of days. The first number of daysper months is 25 to calculate the salary ofthe drivers. Another number of days permonth are ranging from 28 until 31 daysper months, to calculate the truckingability.In this section, the demand forecasting forthe next 12 months or one year period of2014 gathered from the data taken in theprevious year of 2013. The first step tomaking demand forecasting is by using themoving average method then plotting thehistorical demand to time series model.This method is done by using MicrosoftExcel 2010. The result of demandforecasting for the year 2014 is show intable 4.4 below.Months Shuttle FeederTrain Freight OtherTotalDemandTotalSalesJababeka NonJababekaJababeka NonJababekaThe Asian Journal ofTechnology Management, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2015): 10-214.3. Alternative Plans DevelopmentSource: Self-constructed by researchers based on the information given by Cikarang Dry Port16Table 4.4. Demand Forecasting Year 2014January 1141 482 101 76 406 355February 1177 497 105 78 418 366March 1207 510 107 80 429 376April 1246 526 111 83 443 388May 1271 537 113 85 452 396June 1297 548 115 86 461 403July 1297 548 115 86 461 403August 1248 527 111 83 444 388September 1254 530 111 84 446 390October 1203 508 107 80 428 374November 1163 491 103 78 413 362December 1191 503 106 79 424 371The table 4.4 above shows a fluctuationin the forecasted demand. The averagegrowth of 7% forecasted compared withyear 2013.From the forecasted demand in theperiod 2014, researchers can get thedemand volume of each month todetermine the number of trucks requiredto fulfill the demand of every month. Thenumbers of trucks for each month periodare based from the following Equation 1.1:Description:Tn = Number of trucks required for the period of nDn = Demand in the period of nt = Trip per dayd = Number of days in the period of nAs mentioned in the general condition, thetrips per day in the year 2013 are variedfrom 1.7 trips up to 2.5 trips. However, inthis planning, the researchers set the tripsper day to be 2.1 as average trips per dayfor every month in the period of 2014. Thesummary of total demand of each monthperiod for 2014, the trips per day and thenumber of trucks that will be required forthe year 2014 can be seen in the Table 4.5below.Months Shuttle FeederTrain Freight OtherJababekaNonJababeka JababekaNonJababekaUtami and Rahmiati, The Aggregate Planning For Trucking Operation in Cikarang Dry Port17Table 4.5. Monthly Trucks Required for 2014MonthsTotalDemandTripsper DayNumberof DaysNumberof TrucksJan 2562 2.1 31 39Feb 2641 2.1 28 45Mar 2709 2.1 31 42Apr 2797 2.1 30 44May 2854 2.1 31 44Jun 2911 2.1 30 46Jul 2911 2.1 31 45Aug 2800 2.1 31 43Sep 2815 2.1 30 45Oct 2701 2.1 31 41Nov 2610 2.1 30 41Dec 2674 2.1 31 41Plan A: Minimum Trucking Plan withSubcontractingMinimum trucks of a plan that assumedCDP only use the minimum number oftrucking for the period of 2014. In thiscase, CDP will only rent 39 trucks fromits vendor. However, to overcome thedemand the exceeding the capacity, CDPassumed using t h e subcontractingmethod. Subcontracting means a firm canacquire temporary capacity during peakdemand periods. By subcontracting it willcost them additional Rp.25,000,000 pertruck. The ability of the trucks toaccommodate the demand in 2014 can beseen in Figure 4.2 below. The followingTable 4.6 is explaining the profit and lossprojection for the plan A. The totalrevenue for the year 2014 will be Rp.374,984,625.Figure 4.2. Comparison Trucking Ability and Demand Plan AThe Asian Journal ofTechnology Management, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2015): 10-2118Table 4.6. Summary of Projected Profit and Loss Plan AFix Cost Variable Cost2,115,950,000 780,000,000 1,262,455,575 73,494,4252,182,000,000 780,000,000 1,474,237,900 (72,237,900)2,238,300,000 780,000,000 1,412,300,650 45,999,3502,311,000,000 780,000,000 1,508,710,700 22,289,3002,358,100,000 780,000,000 1,532,698,950 45,401,0502,404,200,000 780,000,000 1,615,573,400 8,626,6002,404,200,000 780,000,000 1,587,448,400 36,751,6002,314,100,000 780,000,000 1,482,152,850 51,947,1502,325,850,000 780,000,000 1,547,524,425 (1,674,425)2,230,650,000 780,000,000 1,380,259,725 70,390,2752,156,850,000 780,000,000 1,342,709,225 34,140,7752,209,150,000 780,000,000 1,369,293,575 59,856,425Total 374,984,625Plan B: Maximum Trucking Plan withLaying-OffMaximum trucks plan is a plan thatassumed CDP will use maximum numberof trucking for the period 2014 of renting46 trucks from its vendors. However, tominimize the cost of unutilized trucks,CDP assumed to lay-off some of thedrivers when the demand is low. Figure 4.3show the ability of trucks has met theentire total demand of each month fromJanuary to December 2014. Thefollowing Table 4.7 is explaining theprofit and loss projection for the plan B.The total revenue for the year 2014 will beRp. (105, 015,375).Figure 4.3. Comparison Trucking Ability and Demand PlanMonth Revenue Cost Profit/LossJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberUtami and Rahmiati, The Aggregate Planning For Trucking Operation in Cikarang Dry Port19Table 4.7. Summary Projected Profit and Loss Plan BJanuary 2,115,950,000 1,262,455,575 920,000,000 (66,505,575)February 2,182,000,000 1,324,237,900 920,000,000 (62,237,900)March 2,238,300,000 1,337,300,650 920,000,000 (19,000,650)April 2,311,000,000 1,383,710,700 920,000,000 7,289,300May 2,358,100,000 1,407,698,950 920,000,000 30,401,050June 2,404,200,000 1,440,573,400 920,000,000 43,626,600July 2,404,200,000 1,437,448,400 920,000,000 46,751,600August 2,314,100,000 1,382,152,850 920,000,000 11,947,150September 2,325,850,000 1,397,524,425 920,000,000 8,325,575October 2,230,650,000 1,330,259,725 920,000,000 (19,609,725)November 2,156,850,000 1,292,709,225 920,000,000 (55,859,225)December 2,209,150,000 1,319,293,575 920,000,000 (30,143,575)Total (105,015,375)Plan C: Average Trucking Plan withSubcontracting and Laying-offAverage trucks plan is a plan that assumedCDP will use the average number oftrucking for the period of 2014. In thiscase, CDP will rent 43 trucks from itsvendor. However, in some months, thedemand exceeding capacity, CDP assumedto use the subcontracting model.Otherwise, when the capacity exceedingdemands, it assumes to lay-off some of thedrivers. Figure 4.4 below show the abilityof trucks for the year 2014. The followingTable 4.8 is explaining the profit and lossprojection for the plan C. The totalrevenue for the year 2014 will be Rp.339,984,625.Figure 4.4 Comparison Trucking Ability and Demand Plan CMonth RevenueCostProfit/ LossFix Cost Variable CostThe Asian Journal ofTechnology Management, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2015): 10-214.4. Interpretation of Result20Table 4.8. Summary of Projected Profit and Loss Plan CJanuary 2,115,950,000 860,000,000 1,262,455,575 (6,505,575)February 2,182,000,000 860,000,000 1,374,237,900 (52,237,900)March 2,238,300,000 860,000,000 1,337,300,650 40,999,350April 2,311,000,000 860,000,000 1,408,710,700 42,289,300May 2,358,100,000 860,000,000 1,432,698,950 65,401,050June 2,404,200,000 860,000,000 1,515,573,400 28,626,600July 2,404,200,000 860,000,000 1,487,448,400 56,751,600August 2,314,100,000 860,000,000 1,382,152,850 71,947,150September 2,325,850,000 860,000,000 1,447,524,425 18,325,575October 2,230,650,000 860,000,000 1,330,259,725 40,390,275November 2,156,850,000 860,000,000 1,292,709,225 4,140,775December 2,209,150,000 860,000,000 1,319,293,575 29,856,425Total 339,984,625January 73,494,425 (66,505,575) (6,505,575)February (72,237,900) (62,237,900) (52,237,900)March 45,999,350 (19,000,650) 40,999,350April 22,289,300 7,289,300 42,289,300May 45,401,050 30,401,050 65,401,050June 8,626,600 43,626,600 28,626,600July 36,751,600 46,751,600 56,751,600August 51,947,150 11,947,150 71,947,150September (1,674,425) 8,325,575 18,325,575October 70,390,275 (19,609,725) 40,390,275November 34,140,775 (55,859,225) 4,140,775December 59,856,425 (30,143,575) 29,856,425Based on the table above, it can see thatPlan A has the most profitable plancomparing to two other plans. Based onthe fixed cost, the most efficient one is PlanA since it has the le ast fix costs amongother plans.The aggregate planning is done bysetting the right number of trucking thatwill be needed for trucking operation ofCDP. This aggregate planning isconsidering all general conditions of thetrucking operation. The data is givendirectly from CDP whether by secondarydata as well as an interview with thestakeholder. The optimal planning will beused as the actual trucking operation ofCDP is the most efficient plan in term ofcost and the most effective planning interm of the trucking ability. To obtain thisrequired condition, the writer hasdeveloped three plans as alternatives forthe operation in the year of 2014. Theplans are using minimum, maximum, andMonth RevenueCostProfit/LossFix Cost Variable CostMonthPlan A Plan B Plan CProfit Profit ProfitTotal 374,984,625 (105,015,375) 339,984,625
Conclusion and RecommendationsUtami and Rahmiati, The Aggregate Planning For Trucking Operation in Cikarang Dry PortData Ekspor ImporJournal ofMathematical and Computer ModelingHubungan Ekspor, Impor,dan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) SektorKeuangan Perbankan Indonesia Periode2000- 2011.Sustainability andSupply Chain Management.Jababeka Plans Expansion asDemand SurgesAn ApproachTowards Overall Supply Chain Ef iciency –A Future Oriented Solution And AnalysisIn Inbound ProcessEuropean Jo urnal of Operational ResearchVol. 230(3).Transportand Communications Bulletin for Asia andthe PacificInternal Logistics as a Part ofSupply Chain, Case: Nokia-China,Dongguang Branch.How To DoCapacity PlanningJournal ofTransport Geography Vol. 10.008.Export-Import Theory,Practices, and ProceduresBusiness FormulaBrazilian Journal of Operations& Production ManagementInterview ofCikarang Dry Port Operation). Interview ofCikarang Dry Port Container Yard (CY)Operation.21average trucking plan. From those threealternative plans, the researchers foundthat the minimum trucking numberwith subcontracting is the most suitableplan for CDP as it gives the highest profitand most efficient number of truckingneeded to rent. This research also provedand answer the research question of theproper planning for trucking operation inCDP for the year 2014.The research proved that CDP needsmore trucks to run their operation.Therefore, it is important for CDP toacquire more trucks from vendors, IronBirds, and Pancaran Darat Transport. Theways to acquire more trucks could be bybuy trucks or combining the ownership aswell as renting from vendors. Anotherrecommendation is required forforecasting in the middle and/or longterm period, such as five to ten years. Thisrecommendation could help CDP to solvetrucking problem better.BPS (2013).“ ”. Retrieved onOctober 7th, 2013 fromhttp://bps.go.id/eximframe.php?kat=2Chen., Chin-Sheng., et al., ( 2009). “Thecapacity planning problem in maketo-order enterprises”.Vol.50 pg 1461-1473Hakim, R. (2012).Jakarta. UniversitasIndonesia.Heizer. J., Render. B (2014).OperationManagement. Eleventh Edition,Pearson Education Limited.Jababeka (2008).. Cikarang. JababekaPress Release.Lu, Hai., Su, Yirong (2002).. Göteborg. GöteborgUniversity.Nossack, Jenny., Pesch, Erwin (2013). ATruck Scheduling Problem Arising inIntermodal Container Transportation.Notteboom, T.E. and Rodrigue, J.P. (2005).Port Regionalization: Towards A NewPhase in Port Development.78(1):1 39.Ran, Tian (2009).Lahti. LahtiUniversity Of Applied SciencesRich, Joe., Hill, Jon (2013).. TimQuestCorporation. Wancay.Roso., Violeta., et al. (2008).The Dry PortConcept: Connecting ContainerSeaports with the Hinterland.Seyoum., Belay (2009). New York.Taylor & Francis Siegel., Joeal, et al.(2006) . Jakarta.Canary.Takey., Flavia., Mesquita., Marco (2006)Aggregate Planning for a Large FoodManufacturer with High SeasonalDemand., 3(1), 05-20Sumantri, Tatang interview. (2013).. CikarangDry Port Main OfficeSuprapto, Dodik interview. (2013Operational Department ofCikarang Dry Port.
References
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