Chapter 5

Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Diseases

1. Define the following terms:
   1. Emerging infectious disease
   2. Reemerging infectious disease
   3. Emerging zoonosis
   4. Zoonotic disease
   5. Vector
   6. Vector-borne infection
2. State three factors that have contributed to the development of emerging infectious diseases. Give one example of an emerging disease and another example of a reemerging disease.
3. Give examples of three major zoonotic diseases and compare their modes of transmission. Using your own ideas, explain how transmission of these zoonotic diseases might be prevented.
4. Describe how vectors play a role in the transmission of disease.
5. List three characteristics of viral hemorrhagic fevers.
6. Discuss the impact of malaria on environmental health. Give an example of the economic impact this disease has on the developing world.
7. Summarize briefly the life cycle of malaria, describing the human and insect phases of the disease.
8. In what respects is leishmaniasis a vector-borne disease? Name some of the countries in the world where leishmaniasis is endemic and state why the disease is of particular concern to US military personnel.
9. Discuss the vector and agent factors involved in the transmission and causation of plague. Distinguish between bubonic and pneumonic plague. Describe procedures for control and prevention of plague.
10. What factors are involved in the chain of causation of Lyme disease? From the environmental health perspective, describe how the condition can be controlled and prevented.
11. What are arboviral encephalitides? Describe the reservoirs and modes of transmission of this group of diseases to humans.
12. What are the primary symptoms of West Nile virus (WNV)? List some of the ways that individuals can avoid being infected with WNV. Describe methods that environmental health officials might use to control the condition.
13. For the conditions listed below, provide the following information: (a) causative agent; (b) symptoms; (c) geographic distribution; (d) host factors; (e) responsible vectors, if any; (f) potential hazards to the human population; and (g) methods of control.

Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever

Rift Valley fever

Rabies

Anthrax

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