INSTRUCTIONS: You will lose up to 10 points for not reading and following all the below instructions.
⸙ Type your essay after a group of questions.
⸙ Double-space
⸙ Each essay question and your answer should be on pages separate from the other essay questions and answers to separate and print them in their different sections easily for grading.
⸙ Provide your answers to all parts of the following questions in essay form = complete sentences and correct punctuation.
⸙ USE ONLY CLASS LECTURES, THE TEXTBOOK, AND THE MATERIALS I HAVE DIRECTLY PROVIDED TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.
⸙ Remember that you must clearly communicate the extent of your knowledge of the subject material. Be thorough and provide plenty of detail. Each essay is worth 50 points.
⸙ Make sure you read the questions carefully and follow directions. Make sure that you have answered all parts of each question.
⸙ The exam will be checked for similarity to websites, periodical literature, and the exams submitted by other students in the class.
⸙ You should complete this exam entirely on your own.
⸙ You are asked only to identify yourself by your student ID number on the top of the page prior to each essay question. This is my standard practice to reduce any possibility of bias in grading.
⸙ If you have any questions, feel free to contact me.
I. Evolving to Become Fully Terrestrial
Describe the evolution of plants and animals from their aquatic ancestors to the point that they became fully terrestrial. Begin by describing the ancestors, their anatomical, physiological, and behavioral traits, where they were found, and the natural selection that resulted in organisms further evolved to a terrestrial lifestyle.
Be sure to describe each group in the evolutionary story that led to organisms that were fully terrestrial. As above, for each group, include anatomical, physiological, and behavioral traits, where they were found, and how selection resulted in new groups of organisms better equipped to survive, reproduce, and live an entirely terrestrial existence.
Draw parallels between the plants and the animal groups.
II. Below are two types of metamorphosis seen in the invertebrates.
IMAGE IIA
IIA. What is the name of the phylum, class, and order represented by the organisms above? What type of metamorphosis does it undergo? Describe the steps of the process in-depth and provide the names of the different stages
as outlined in your textbook.
IMAGE IIB
IIB. What is the name of the phylum, class, and order represented by the organisms above? What type of metamorphosis does it undergo? Describe the steps of the process in-depth and provide the names of the different stages as outlined in your textbook.
III. Describe the series of events after the Big Bang that eventually led to prokaryotes. Include discussions of changes in the lithosphere and atmosphere. Include Oparin and Haldane’s theory of the origin of life.
Don Dixon
IV. 15 Points Extra Credit
Esther van Hulsen
Describe the characteristics of all birds that make them uniquely capable of flight. How are feathers used for thermoregulation? How are feathers used as airfoils for flight? Did feathers first evolve for flight or thermoregulation? Finally, please explain how an owls’ feathers are adapted to fly silently. Then explain the anatomical and physiological adaptations behind acute hearing in owls. The two links below answer the questions about owls.
SILENT FLIGHT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_FEaFgJyfA&t=3s
OWL HEARING EXPLAINED: THE BEAUTIFUL BARN OWL HUNTING DIURNALLY= HUNGRY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SI73-Ka51E
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