Andy is a 20 year old male who has recently presented to the emergency department experiencing distressing auditory hallucinations and paranoid delusions after taking amphetamines. Andy’s previous psychiatric history reveals that Andy began taking amphetamines when he was 15 years old. When taking amphetamines he experienced auditory hallucinations, delusions and paranoid ideas along with long periods of wakefulness. These symptoms appeared to be related to the physiological effect of the amphetamine use, as when the effects of the amphetamine wore off then so did the psychotic symptoms. However when Andy was 17 years old he began using amphetamines on a daily basis resulting in an increase in auditory hallucinations and paranoid delusions. He was admitted to a mental health facility for the first time and a DSM IV diagnosis of ‘Amphetamine induced psychotic disorder – 292.12’ was made. By the age of 18 Andy had stopped taking amphetamines but continued to experience prominent paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations. Following several admissions to hospital with increasing psychotic symptoms the DSM IV diagnosis of Paranoid schizophrenia – 295.30 was made. Answer the following questions (max 1500 words)Please short answer format to demonstrate understanding (do not use essay format). Your answers should be appropriately referenced using APA referencing guide available from Curtin Library. 1. Describe the clinical features of amphetamine intoxication and how amphetamines act on the CNS. Ensure that you identify the neurotransmitters and the structures of the brain that are involved in your answer. (10 marks) 2. Identify neurotransmitters associated with schizophrenia and briefly discuss how the function of each neurotransmitter identified is altered in this disorder (5 marks) 3. Discuss why Andy’s diagnosis changed from a DSM IV diagnosis of ‘Amphetamine induced psychotic disorder – 292.12’ to a diagnosis of ‘Paranoid Schizophrenia – 295.30’. (5 marks) 4. Describe how auditory hallucinations manifest and describe the areas of the brain that are thought to be involved in auditory hallucinations. (5 marks) Academic Format including referencing (5 marks)
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