This week, you’re reading about the Enlightenment and the English Civil War (1649-1660) that are considered the spark of this Age of Revolutions. Israel defines it as a moment of “philosophical rejection of religious authority…with theoretical advocacy of democracy and basic human rights.”1 Discuss the particulars of this statement–what evidence does he use in his argument? How does that evidence relate to the you’re reading in Blaufarb? Which revolutions does Israel focus on and how are those revolutions similar or different? (and how does argument compare with what you read last week?) Which thinkers and ideas were most pervasive/divisive/influential and why/how? Discuss and analyze Israel’s periodization of revolution–what were the stages of the revolutions and why does he characterize them the way he does?
What do you argue as the most significant of these stages? The most significant of the changes? Which argument did you find most convincing, least convincing, and/or which piece of evidence did you find most compelling and why? How does he argument relate to the Locke and Montesquieu sources you’re reading this week? What are the central arguments of those sources? What are the ideas, the situations that those authors are trying to change and influence? What is this idea of “civil society?” What are Locke’s main arguments against [absolute] monarchy? What are the types of governments that Montesquieu discusses? Compare and contrast these two models (Locke and Montesquieu).
Now think about the Schnepper piece. How do her arguments relate to these previous readings? How do you see the primary sources informing her arguments? Do her arguments uphold Israel’s definitions and categories or not? How does she show that the colony of Bermuda was different from the mainland–how was the experience of and arguments about the Civil War different in Bermuda than in England? How did that position of the distant colony influence English politics, or did it? Does she overstate her case, or does she provide sufficient evidence for her arguments? Based on her article, would she agree with Israel’s opening definition of revolution, and would this be radical or not, and why?
Remember, you do not have to answer every single question that I post. I give you multiple questions just as a starting point to get you thinking and to give you different options 🙂 Also, the embedded link is about how to read primary sources. You should know this already, but it may be a refresher for you.
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