Pages:
5 pages (1375 words) Double spaced
Type of paper:
Term paper Undergraduate (yrs. 3-4)
Discipline:
Philosophy
Title:
Whether or not we should use animals in medical research
Sources to be cited:
3
Paper format:
MLA
Paper instructions:
Whether or not we should use animals in medical research
https://www.3cmediasolutions.org/privid/32910?key=c1f187e34146b81d7004a10c9405bf6b4d47ca42
Answer the question, the whole question, and nothing but the question. First,
address the question that is asked. (This again points to the need to
understand what the question is asking.) Second, be sure that your answer is
complete. If the question has different parts, be sure that you have addressed
each part. Third, make sure that you do not pursue tangential issues. Your
answer will be evaluated in connection with the question that was asked. Even
a brilliant essay cannot get a good grade if it does not answer the question.
Philosophy papers usually involve both exposition and evaluation. In the
expository part of the paper, your task is to explain the view or argument
under consideration. Make sure that your explanation is as explicit as
possible. The evaluation part of the paper is your chance to do some
philosophy of your own. It is not enough merely to state whether you agree or
disagree with the philosopher’s conclusion. You should engage with her
reasoning. Some questions you might consider: does her argument succeed
in getting to the desired conclusion? Which premises are the weakest points of the argument? What objections might be raised to these premises? Are
there any ways that her argument could be bolstered to defend against such
objections?
As you write, think about your intended audience. You should not write your
paper as if it is a personal communiqué to me. Instead, imagine your
audience as someone who is intelligent and interested in the subject but has
not studied it. (Think of yourself, before taking this class, or perhaps of your
roommate.)
When you use an unfamiliar or “technical” term (i.e. a term that we have given
some specific meaning in this class) be sure to define it.
In general, a thesaurus is not the friend of a philosophy student. Do not be
afraid to re-use the same terms over and over, especially when they are key
terms in an argument. Do not use different terms just for variety’s sake;
unfortunately, synonyms listed by a thesaurus often vary in connotation and
meaning. If you mean to talk about the same concept throughout, use the
same term throughout.
As a rule, you should not use quotes. A series of quotes strung together,
even creatively strung together, is not a paper. The main reason to quote a
passage is to make it more convenient for you to talk about what the passage
says (and to make it more convenient for your reader as well). Thus, you
should not rely on a quotation to answer a key part of the question. Answer in
your own words instead.
You should, however, include textual references. Whenever you make a
claim about what is said in the text, it is appropriate to provide a specific
reference to back up your claim. Do not make claims like “Socrates believes
that …” without supporting them. For short papers using class texts, footnotes
are not necessary; it is sufficient to make parenthetical references, such as
(Meno 77b).
Write until you have said what you need to say, not until you hit the page
limit. (Incidentally, if you find that you don’t have enough to say to reach the
word limit, you’re probably missing something. The problem should be to
confine your paper to the page limit, not to stretch out your paper to the
minimum required.) You may end up with a first draft that is too long, but at a
later stage you can go back through your work and see whether there are
sentences or paragraphs that are not really necessary or that can be made
more concise. The point is that you will be better able to evaluate what is truly
important if you have included everything on your first draft.
Finally, do not try to compose your paper, from start to finish, in one session –
especially not the night before it is due. Make sure that you have the chance
to write a first draft and then let it percolate for awhile. Very few people are
able to dash off a good paper in one sitting!
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